A. Zelenin Perm and Perm region

entertaining local history

Name, surname, surname

When a person is born, he is given Name. So as not to be asked later on the street: “Hey, you!” After all, who is this - “Hey, you!” - it’s unclear!

Ancient people gave themselves names that were different from modern ones. These names were long and explained a lot. For example, one of them could sound like this: “A man who caught a bear and killed it to feed his family.”

Our ancestors - the Slavs - often named themselves in honor of the gods they invented for themselves. For example, the sun god is Yarilo. If a person was born in the morning, he could well be named after the Sun God.

The modern names that we receive from our parents came to us from different countries- from different languages. For example, from Greek, Old Arabic, Old Germanic, Hebrew, Old Scandinavian, Celtic, Latin, Old Church Slavonic.

A person's middle name is always given in honor of his father. Since ancient times it has been this way: a man is the head of the family: the breadwinner and protector. Bearing a middle name is always an honor. Previously, it was not given to everyone. Either those who belonged to a wealthy family, or those who distinguished themselves in some way before their homeland.

Surname- a Latin word. It came to us from Ancient Rome. Many hundreds of years ago, they denoted belonging to a family.

In Rus', the first surnames denoted a person’s occupation, his profession. For example, Voivode 1 was traveling through the village - he himself was on horseback, and took the road, and the children ran across. “Whose kids? "- the governor became angry. And they tell him: “Yes, the Kuznetsovs are kids!” - a local blacksmith, that is. So the blacksmith’s children received not only a punishment from the governor, but also a nickname - a future surname.

1 Voivode - the head of any territory in Rus', as well as troops,

They gave a surname and a first name. The villages were small. Sometimes there are only two or three farms. I was driving important person, asked the guys who were running around the huts: whose they were. They answered: “Vanka, son of Petrov.” Or like this: “Eremka, son of Danilov.” This is how the surnames Petrov, Danilov and the like appeared on earth.

Not only people have names. Rivers and lakes, villages and cities have their own names. People settled near the river and gave it a name. They built a house, another and a third - they named the village so that they knew where they lived.

The main city of the Perm region has a name - Permian.

By the way, in ancient times Perm was not called a city, but a large territory - lands on which different peoples lived.

Scientists have not been able to determine exactly where the name “Perm” came from and when it appeared. This happened because the people who named our lands did not know letters, did not know how to write, and did not think about the future. They did not preserve and pass on history to their descendants.

The Russian scientist Dmitry 2 Vladimirovich Bub-rikh believed, and many learned people agreed with him, that the word “Perm” came from the Vepsian word “perama” (“pera maa”, “perya maa”) - “distant” or “distant land” .

2 Dmitry is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “belonging to Demeter.” In ancient Greek mythology, Demeter is the goddess of fertility and agriculture.

RepresentativeVepsian people

Vepsians are descendants of the ancient Finnish tribe “Ves”. A long time ago, this tribe lived in the current lands of Russia, even going to the Urals.

A very unusual version of the origin of the word “Perm” was proposed by the Russian geographer Nikolai 3 Ivanovich Shishkin. Most of our scientists did not agree with him. However, I think you will be interested to know that, according to Nikolai Ivanovich, two ancient tribes once lived on our lands. One was called "per", the other - "eat". These tribes gave our region its name.

Komi-Permyaks

When Russian people came to the Urals, they called this area “Perem”. Over time, one letter “e” disappeared from the word, and it turned out to be “Perm”.

3 Nicholas is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “conqueror of nations.”

City Permian

Every person has a birthday. This is the date, month and year when he was born.

Settlements also have birthdays - big cities and small villages.

The year of birth of Perm is considered to be1723rd. The city's birthday is celebrated annually on June 12. And it is celebrated together with Russia Day.

Why - 1723?

Because this year, construction of a copper smelter began on the Yegoshikha River 4, a tributary of the Kama. This plant gave rise to a factory village - the future city of Perm.

4 Once upon a time Yegoshikha was called like this: Yagoshikha. From Komi-Permyak “yag” (“eg”) means log, and “osh” means bear, together: bearish log. Egoshikha is a river that flowed through a ravine where many bears lived.

Founder of the cityPerm is Vasyaliy 5 Nikitich Tatishchev.

And the name of the future city is Perm - given by RussianEmpress Catherineon II 6. On November 16, 1780, by her Decree, she commanded: “... To appoint a provincial city for the Perm governorship in this place, to name this city Permian..."

5 Vasily is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “royal*.”

6 Catherine II - Russian Empress. Years of life: 1729 - 1796. Years of reign Russian Empire: 1762-1796.

Catherine is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “pure, immaculate.”

The first inhabitants on the site of the future city of Perm appeared in 1647. Then a census of the people living on them was carried out on the Perm lands. They also recorded all the Kama settlements: towns, villages and repairs 7 .

7 Pochinok is a small new settlement, often initially consisting of one house.

In the census book of governor Procopius 8 Elizarov for 1647 it is written: “... repairs on the river. Kama and on the Yagoshikha River, and in it there are peasant yards: Sergeiko Pavlov is the son of Bryukhanov, he has children Klimko and Ivashko...”

8 Procopius is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “naked sword.”

In 1678, in the census books of Prince 9 Fyodor 10 Velsky on the Kama and Yagoshikha rivers, everything in the same repair “yards: Ivashka Verkholantsev, Demka and Yaranko Bryukhanovs, Larka Bryukhanov and Ivashko Bryukhanov...”

9 Prince is the ruler of any territory in the Russian state, as well as a noble title.

10 Fedor is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “gift of God.”

At the turn of the XVII-XVIII (seventeenth - eighteenth) centuries, Russian Tsar Peter I 11 needed a large number of guns to expand the borders of the state, as well as to protect them. Money was also required. Iron and copper were needed to make cannons and coins. The Urals have long been the richest part of the lands of the Russian state. Peter I sent artillery captain-lieutenant V.N. here to the Urals. Tatishchev. He “had to find places rich in forests and ores, next to large waters, in order to install new factories producing tools for the sovereign’s arsenal” 12.

11 Peter I - Russian Tsar, later Emperor. Years of life: 1672-1725. Years of rule of the Russian state: 1682-1725.

Peter is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “stone”.

12 From the book “The Tale of Motovilikha: Years. Events. People* (1974).

In 1723, the first copper was smelted at the Yegoshikha plant.

In 1724, the first church, the Peter and Paul Church, was founded in the village and consecrated in 1726. At first the church was wooden, later a stone one was built next to it (1757-1764). The Peter and Paul Church is still located in Perm. This is the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Sovetskaya Street, 1.

In the 1730s, Yegoshikha became the center of a vast territory of the Perm province as part of the Kazan province.

Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul

In 1781, the Perm province was created, Perm became its main city.

In 1923, after regions and districts appeared in Russia instead of provinces, Perm became the center of the Perm District.

Since 1938, Perm has been the main city of the Perm region.

In 1971, for great services to the homeland, Perm was awarded the highest order of the country of the USSR 13 - the Order of Lenin.

13 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Now Perm is a very big city. Along the main river of the Kama region - the Kama - it stretches for almost 70 kilometers, its width is about 40 kilometers, and its area is almost 800 square kilometers!

Approximately people live in Permmillion inhabitants! They work in large and small enterprises, go to shops and markets, theaters and libraries, visit parks and stadiums. For children in Perm open more than 200 kindergartens, more200 schools- general education, special education, music, art and sports. There are also colleges, lyceums, institutes and universities in Perm.

Districts PermAnd

Permsky edges

Our country, the Russian Federation, is a single whole. But it consists of many parts. These parts are republics, territories and regions.

Perm region - part of the Russian Federationderations. It also consists of parts, but they are smaller than the republic.

The Perm Territory includes the Perm Region and the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. In turn, the region and district are divided into districts, in which there are cities, villages, hamlets and towns.

There are 7 districts in Perm: Dzerzhinsky, Industrial, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Motovilikha, Ordzhonikidzevsky and SverdLovsky

The Kirovsky district is entirely located on the right bank of the Kama. Dzerzhinsky and Ordzhonikidze districts are located on two banks of the main Perm river. The smallest district - Leninsky, considered the main (central), and Motovilikha (one of the largest) are located on the left bank of the Kama. There are also some of the youngest districts of Perm - Industrial and Sverdlovsky.

Perm region consists of 37 municipalitiesny districts and 14 urban districts(without the city of Perm).

Districts of the Perm region: Bardymsky, Berezovsky, Bolshesosnovsky, Vereshchaginsky, Gainsky, Gornozavodsky, Dobryansky, Elovsky, Ilyinsky, Karagai, Kishertsky, Kosinsky, Kochevsky, Krasnovishersky, Kudymkarsky, Kuedinsky, Kungursky, Lysvensky, Nytvensky, Oktyabrsky, Ordinsky, Osinsky, Okhansky, Ochersky, , Sivinsky, Solikamsky, Suksunsky, Uinsky, Usolsky, Tchaikovsky, Chastinsky, Cherdynsky, Chernushinsky, Chusovsky, Yurlinsky, Yusvinsky.

Urban districts of the Perm Territory (cityYes): Aleksandrovsk, Berezniki, Gremyachinsk, Gubakha, Dobryanka, Kizel, Krasnokamsk, Kudymkar, Kungur, Lysva, Solikamsk, Tchaikovsky, Chusovoy and ZATO 14 “Star”.

14 ZATO is a closed administrative-territorial entity, access to which is provided only with a special pass.

Komi-Permyak district consists of the city of Kudymkar and 6 districts: Gainsky, Kosinsky, Kochevsky, Kudymkarsky, Yurlinsky and Yusvinsky.

CITY...

Note. In Chinaword, the last letter of eachthe th word is the first letter of the word that followsbehind him. Letters in a teaword grid- clue.

Questions:

1. “Ringing” flower. 2. The Fairytale Little Hunchback. 3. Water flower. 4. Break in the performance. 5. Smoke comes out of it. 6. Summer month. 7, "Road" for pedestrians. 8. Mom and dad. 9. Football. 10. Roads are made from it. 11. Electricity.

In the Russian language dictionary I call it a streetthere are two rows of houses and the space between themmi, intended for passage and travel.

A long time ago, when Perm was Yegoshikha, there were no cars in it - people rode horses harnessed to carts, carriages and sleighs. There were no streets either. What streets! There were few houses: first - one, then - three, then - five...

When in 1781 the factory village of Yegoshikha became the provincial city of Perm, a census was conducted in it to find out how much, what and where. And it turned out: there are five streets in Perm, and there is also one lane. And on these streets and in the alley there are about 400 private and government houses.

What is the most important street in Perm? And here you may be surprised, because some residents of present and past Perm considered the main street of the city... Kama!

And in fact, the description of the street is quite suitable for our beautiful river: on the right and left banks there are houses, and between them people walk Perm city plan, 1998

motor ships, tugs, barges, boats.

However, real streets are on the ground, on dry land.

The first streets of Perm were built along the Kama. The one closest to the river was called Beregovaya. Then people changed its name: Coastal became the Embankment. In the 19th (nineteenth) century the Embankment was renamed

to Monastyrskaya. The renaming took place in honor of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery complex being built on the street, in one part of which the Perm Art Gallery is now located. On the street there were houses that belonged to the rich people of Perm: factory owners and merchants. Factories, marinas and warehouses were located closer to the water - this is probably why in 1920 Monastyrskaya Street changed its name again: it became Trudovaya. From 1937 to the present day, the street bears the name of Grigory 15 (Sergo) Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze. During the years of Soviet power, Sergo Ordzhonikidze led the country's heavy industry and visited the city of Perm.

15 Gregory is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “cheerful.”

One of the first streets of Perm - Siberian. In the XX (twentieth) century it bore the name of Karl 16 Marx, and then its historical name was returned to it. Initially, Sibirskaya Street was part of high road to Siberia. The name of the road was: Siberian tract. Where the street turned into a highway was the border of the city of Perm. Here was located SiberiaSky outpost.

16 Karl is an ancient Germanic word, translated into Russian means “brave”.

Monastyrskaya Street (Ordzhonikidze). Photo from the beginning of the 20th century.
In 1824, pillars connected to each other by a cast-iron chain were installed at the outpost. There were images of bears on them, and the figures of eagles crowned these pillars.

The outpost was built in honor of the arrival in the provincial city of Perm Russian Emperor Alexandra 17 1. Now a memorial stele is located at this place.

17 Alexander is a Greek word, translated into Russian means “protector of people.”

To this day, a large number of ancient buildings have been preserved on Sibirskaya Street: the house of the Perm governor (at the intersection of Sibirskaya and Bolshevistskaya streets), the building of the Noble Assembly (at the intersection of Sibirskaya and Lunacharsky), the building

Perm State Chamber 18 (at the intersection of Siberian and Lenin) and others.

18 The Treasury Chamber served as officials who dealt with financial and court cases Perm province.

Sibirskaya Street, Staro-Sibirskaya Zastava, 1914
And children are always welcome on Sibirskaya, because on this street there are: the most important children's library of the Perm region (house no. 11), the Perm Palace of Youth Creativity (house no. 29), the Perm State Puppet Theater (house no. 65), three schools and a Palace sports "Orlyonok" (house no. 47).

Now there are about 1,500 streets in the city of Perm. The main one is the street Lenin.

People give names to streets. Typically in honor of someone or something. For example, some streets in Perm are named after cities. This - Abakanskaya, Brestskaya, VolGograd... Other streets are named after people who once ruled our country or another, e.g. Kuibysheva,Sverdlov, Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Other streets bear the names of military men, writers, artists: Frunze, Pushkin, Shishkin. There are also streets associated with professions:

Vodnikov, Metallurgists,Signalmen. I wonder why streets appeared in Perm Cheerful and QuietSpring and Snow?

Gagarin Boulevard
The streets can be straight and wide, small and narrow, long and decorated with alleys of bushes and flowers. Straight and wide streets - these are avenues. Small and narrow - lanes. Long streets can be called like roads - highway. And a street with alleys is boulevard.

The most important thing is that there are houses on every street and avenue, alley and boulevard. And in every house there lives a story. Like, for example, in house number 11 on Ordzhonikidze Street. This ancient house houses the Perm Regional Museum. Having visited it, you can learn the entire history of the Perm region: from prehistoric times to Perm the Great, from the Perm province to the present day.

Streets old Perm

Having solved the puzzles, you will find out what the streets of the city of Perm were called in the old days - Sovetskaya and Kirov.

Permian period

The phrase "Permian period" - according togeological concept.

Geology is a complex of Earth sciences: about itstructure, composition and history. And also in the concept"geology" includes methods for exploring mineralsny fossils.

A period is a period of time during whichthe meaning of which something happens.

In the history of planet Earth there have been manydifferent periods, and they are all calleddifferently.

R.I.Murchison
Perm can be proud that its namea whole geological period is namedbegan... 285 million years ago! And continuedxia... 55 million years!

The Permian system was discovered in1841 year.That year England visited the Perm landRussian geologist Roderick Impey Murchison.Imagine his surprise when on the bankhe discovered the Perm river Egoshikhanot yet exploredby whom there are deposits - a lotage-old rocks!

So for the first time in the world howl history in geological appeared on the calendar the name of the Russian region - "Perm".

And I study with the masternom, by the way, in Permthe province is almost in troubleread. He traveled around the countryladies, met with placesfactories and...

Fossil vertebrate from the Permian period
On the Silver River,Chusovaya tributary, Lodthe boat in which Rode sailedRick Murchison, rev.drowned... Geologist drownedthere are clocks and pipes in the riverku, and a bag. Saved the headsnoe - notebookwith my observations -discoveries. That's how it would bewow!

“Love and know your native land” - who does not know this covenant of life?! You can love your land only when you know its secrets and riches, and discover the unknown in it.
On the pages of the book by Andrei Sergeevich Zelenin, readers will learn about the main historical events, outstanding people, cultural monuments and geographical features of Perm and the Perm region.
The publication is complemented by entertaining creative tasks, on the one hand, reinforcing the material, on the other, broadening one’s horizons.
The book is intended primarily for children aged 6–11 years, as well as students, teachers for preparing and conducting local history lessons, and can be used as a teaching aid on local history.

FIRST NAME, PATRONIC NAME, LAST NAME.
When a person is born, he is given a name. So as not to be asked later on the street: “Hey, you!” After all, who is this - “Hey, you!” - it’s unclear!

Ancient people gave themselves names that were different from modern ones. These names were long and explained a lot. For example, one of them could sound like this: “A man who caught a bear and killed it to feed his family.”

Our ancestors - the Slavs - often named themselves in honor of the gods they invented for themselves. For example, the sun god is Yarilo. If a person was born in the morning, he could well be named after the Sun God.

The modern names that we receive from our parents came to us from different countries - different languages. For example, from Greek, Old Arabic, Old Germanic, Hebrew, Old Scandinavian, Celtic, Latin, Old Church Slavonic.

Content
Author's word
Homeland and what is connected with it
Task No. 1
First name, patronymic, last name
Task No. 2
Perm city
Task No. 3
Districts of Perm and Perm region, cities
Task No. 4
Streets of Perm
Task No. 5
Permian period
Task No. 6
Perm Great
Task No. 7
Perm province
Task No. 8
Perm region
Task No. 9
Komi-Permyak National (Autonomous) District
Task No. 10
Perm region
Task No. 11
Nationalities (peoples)
Perm region
Task No. 12
Perm rivers
Task No. 13
Flora of the Perm region
Task No. 14
Fauna of the Perm region
Task No. 15
Minerals
Perm region
Task No. 16
Names in history
Perm region
Task No. 17
Permian heroes
Task No. 18
Monuments of Perm
Task No. 19
Perm theaters, libraries, museums
Task No. 20
First. For the first time. The most
Task No. 21
Books that are useful to leaf through, read and remember
Answers to the book's assignments.

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PERM LOCAL STUDIES began with the works of the first researchers of the Perm region in the 18th century. V. N. Tatishcheva. P. S. Pallas, N. P. Rychkov, I. I. Lepekhin, A. G. Humbold and others.
Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich (1686 - 1750) - Russian statesman, historian, author of “Russian History from the Most Ancient Times” and “Russian Lexicon” - the first Russian encyclopedic dictionary, which also contained Permian material.
The formation of Perm local history dates back to the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries. and is associated with the beginning of Perm book printing. One of the first publications was “Economic Description of the Perm Province” by N. S. Popov, published in Perm in 1804 and compiled under the leadership of Governor K. F. Moderakh. Another “classic” work on Perm local history is “A Journey to the Cities of Cherdyn and Solikamsk to Research Historical Antiquities” by V. N. Berkh (St. Petersburg, 1821)
In the second half of the 19th century. the development of Perm local history was carried out by historians and local historians D. D. Smyshlyaev, F. A. Volegov, A. A. Dmitriev, I. Ya. Krivoshchekov, N. A. Rogov, A. E. and F. A. Teploukhov and others Local history observations and studies were published in “Perm collections” (1859-1960); from 1870 - in the “Memorable Books of the Perm Province” and “Calendars of the Perm Province”. Local history material was regularly published on the pages of the Perm Provincial Gazette. In 1888, the scientific, local history and educational society “Perm Scientific Archival Commission” (PUAC) was created in Perm, the famous local historian V.D. Shishonko became its first chairman. For the period from 1892 to 1915. 12 issues of the “Proceedings of the PUAK” were published. In 1899, the “Society of Lovers of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Cherdyn Region” was created; its members collected ethnographic material from the Northern Territory. From 1870 to 1930, the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers (with a department of ethnography) operated in Yekaterinburg, which published 40 volumes of “UOLE Notes”. Since 1916, a department of Petrograd University has become the center for the study of local history in Perm, and since 1917 - Perm University. Scientific societies were created at the university - the Circle for the Study of the Northern Territory (KISK), then - the Society for the Study of the Perm Region. Civil war suspended their activities, but in 1923 KISC resumed its work and operated until 1929. Members of the circle studied the history, ethnography and folklore of the Kama region, developed research methods, formed museum collections, published scientific works. In 1924 - 1928 4 issues of the “Perm Collection of Local Lore” were published, edited by P. S. Bogoslovsky with more than 80 articles. In 1925, the Perm Society of Local History (POK) was created. In the early 30s. The activities of local history organizations are noticeably reduced, and the publication of local history collections is stopped. By resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated June 10, 1937, local history organizations throughout the country were liquidated. Many active participants in the local history movement were arrested and died. In 1935, P. N. Bogoslovsky was arrested, in 1937 - the former director of the Perm Museum A. S. Lebedev and the famous Perm local historian V. N. Trapeznikov. According to modern researchers, 1917 - 1929. were the “golden decade” of Soviet local history.
In the post-war years, the local history movement was gradually restored, but mainly on a professional basis. New people are coming to local history. The Perm Museum of Local Lore becomes the center of local history research. In 1954, the Museum of Archeology of the Kama region opened in Perm state university. The Perm book publishing house, under the leadership of the famous journalist and local historian B. N. Nazarovsky, emphasizes the local history direction in its activities: the almanacs “Prikamye”, “Calendars - Directories of the Perm Region”, a series of books “Wonderful People of the Kama Region”, etc. are published. . “History of the Urals” was published in 2 volumes under the general editorship of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor F. S. Gorovoy. The authors of the monograph were Perm scientists K. S. Makhanyok, V. V. Mukhin, P. I. Khitrov, V. G. Cheremnykh, F. A. Alexandrov, I. S. Kaptsugovich, V. P. Krasavin, A. N. . Fadeev. In 1966, a city voluntary society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments was created in Perm, then a regional one; The Perm branch of VOOPIK operates to this day. Work has intensified on the creation of folk museums, the development of local history tourism and school local history. In the 1960s - 1970s. 12 books in the series “Cities of the Perm Region”, three “Guidebooks - reference books for Perm”, etc. were published.
In the early 1980s. In Perm, the city club “Perm Regional Historian” was created. In 1984, the “First regional historical and local history readings” took place in the city. In March 1990, the Kama Local History Society was created in Perm.
An important role in modern local history of the Urals is played by the Perm Museum of Local Lore, the Perm State Art Gallery, the regional library named after A. M. Gorky, and regional archives. For last decade pre-revolutionary local history publications were republished and the works of modern researchers were published - scientists from Perm universities V. V. Abashev, A. M. Belavin, G. P. Golovchansky, M. A. Ivanova, T. A. Kalinina, A. F. Melnichuk, V. V. Mukhina, I. A. Podyukova, G. N. Chagina, A. V. Chernykh and others, devoted to issues of history and culture of the Kama region.

T. N. Leporinskaya

Explanatory note

Raising a citizen who loves his homeland cannot do without studying native land. Love for the native land, knowledge of its history, culture, traditions - this is the basis on which the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society is carried out. Promotion of local history is becoming a necessity in modern schools. The participation of schoolchildren in local history activities increases their level of self-awareness, develops artistic taste, aesthetic appreciation, fosters respect for the culture and history of their people, a sense of gratitude to the older generation, and creates opportunities for students’ self-realization in the process of this socially useful, exciting, noble work.

In new educational standards spiritual, moral and civil-patriotic education is given a special role, and the state pays special attention to civil-patriotic work with the younger generation.

This program is aimed at developing patriotism among the younger generation of the Perm region and corresponds to the tasks defined in the new educational standards, “The Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Citizenship Education Russian Federation"and the draft State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020."

The program “My Perm Region” was compiled for 5th grade students secondary schools and is supported by the same name teaching aid a textbook published by the Book World publishing house in 2015.

The goals of the program: to educate a citizen of Russia, a patriot of his small homeland, who knows and loves his land, city, village (its traditions, natural monuments, history and culture) and wants to take an active part in its development.

The content of the program involves solving the following tasks:

Educational:

To form students’ ideas about the historical past and present of our region; about personalities who left a noticeable mark on history; about the contribution made by compatriots to the historical and cultural heritage cities, regions, countries;

To instill in schoolchildren the skills of search activity: teach to observe and describe facts, systematize the collected material, and arrange it;

Educational:

Develop communication skills and abilities in the communication process, learn to work in groups, coordinate activities, teach analysis and self-analysis:

Expand the historical horizons of students;

Educational:

Contribute to awakening interest and respect for the historical, cultural and natural values ​​of the region;

Develop the ability to build positive interpersonal relationships with the surrounding society;

To promote the formation of a socially active, moral personality with civic consciousness.

Planned results of mastering the program:

Personal results

Mastering national values, traditions, and culture of the native land;

Orientation in the system of moral norms and values;

Fundamentals of social-critical thinking, orientation in the features of social relations and interactions, establishing the relationship between social and political events;

Consciousness, recognition of the high value of life in all its manifestations.

Communication results

Ability to take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate different positions in cooperation;

The ability to formulate one’s own opinion and position, argue and coordinate it with the positions of partners in cooperation when developing a common solution in joint activities;

The ability to establish and compare different points of view before making decisions and choices;

The ability to argue your point of view, argue and defend your position in a manner that is not hostile to opponents;

The ability to ask questions necessary to organize one’s own activities and cooperate with a partner;

The ability to adequately use speech to plan and regulate one’s activities;

Ability to work in a group - establish working relationships, collaborate effectively and facilitate productive cooperation; integrate into a peer group and build productive interactions with peers and adults.

Cognitive results

Fundamentals of implementation of design and research activities;

Conducting observations under the guidance of a teacher;

Implementation of advanced information search using library resources and the Internet;

Fundamentals of introductory, creative, assimilation and critical reading.

Regulatory results:

Goal setting as setting an educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by the student and what is still unknown;

Planning – determining the sequence of intermediate goals, taking into account the final result; drawing up a plan and sequence of actions;

Forecasting – anticipation of the result and level of assimilation, its time characteristics;

Control in the form of comparison of the method of action and its result with a given standard in order to detect deviations and differences from the standard;

Correction - making the necessary additions and adjustments to the plan and method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the actual action and its product;

Assessment is the identification and awareness by the student of what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, awareness of the quality and level of learning;

Volitional self-regulation as the ability to mobilize strength and energy; the ability to exert volition - to make a choice in a situation of motivational conflict and to overcome obstacles.

The program involves organizing interaction with institutions (archives, museums, exhibition halls) and individuals (local historians, collectors), as well as the use of domestic tourism resources.

Program content

Introduction (1 hour).

Inclusion in the new knowledge section, communication this course with studying other courses and educational areas, the inseparability of the history of the region from the history of Russia and other countries. Introduction to the course, textbook, its features, rules for using it.

Topic 1. Ancient Kama region. (5 hours).

Objective of the topic: developing an understanding of the historical roots of the region, the peculiarities of its settlement, the uniqueness of its culture. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the history and life of the indigenous population of the Kama region, their culture, traditions, and way of life.

Basic concepts and terms: archeology and archaeological site, chronology, Permian period, geology, geological era, Stone Age, Cro-Magnon, Written stone, Iron Age, Permian animal style, metallurgy, sacred animal, Khanty, Mansi, Komi-Permyak, toponymy, sanctuary, legend, tale, Parma, utensils, ethnography, chronicle, canonization, bishop, baptism, Christianity, paganism, amulets, Perm gods (wooden sculpture).

Persons: Roderick Impey Murchison, Stefan Velikopermsky (Perm).

Let's look through the eyes of a historian. What the science of history studies, auxiliary historical sciences, why history cannot be corrected or written. Who are historians? Counting years in history (chronology). History of the people, history of the region.

Permian period. Geology is an assistant to history. Geological periods. Permian period and the role of R.I. Murchison in his discovery. Permian lizards.

Stone Age of the Kama region. The appearance of the region in ancient times. Discovery of primitive human sites in the Kama region. Archaeological monuments in the Kama region, their protection. Life of ancient people in the Kama region.

Ages of metals. The transition from the Stone Age to the Metal Ages, the improvement of hunting and farming tools. Who are the miracles? The concept of the Perm animal style. Time to create items of the Perm animal style. The reasons for its appearance. Legends and tales associated with the most common sacred animals in the Kama region. Written stone and other Ural written stones

He who lives gives names. The concept of toponymy. Origin of the word "Perm". The peoples who inhabited the Kama region in ancient times and live here at the present time. Russian development of the Ural lands. The transition from pagan faith to Christianity. The role of Stephen of Great Perm in the Christianization of the Kama region. Perm wooden sculpture.

Topic 2. Capital relay race (6 hours)

Objective of the topic: acquaintance with the historical facts of the emergence and development of historical cities of the Perm land, at different times the former regional capital of the Kama region.

Basic concepts and terms: fortress, fort, settlement, estate, Kremlin, settlement, posad, cathedral, barn, architecture, monument city, crafts and artisans, raids, salt trade, patrimony, icon painting, ataman, khanate, chronicler and chronicle, tent, rock salt, magnesium, botanical garden, greenhouse. taxonomy, Turkic peoples, tract. charity, merchants, guild, Gostiny Dvor, selenite, stone-cutting art, stalactite, stalagmite, plant-settlement, spelt, peasant war, diorama, meteorite, coat of arms, heraldry, etc.

Personalities: Stroganovs, Demidovs, Artemy Babinov, Ivan IV (the Terrible). Romanovs, Peter I, Ermak, Khan Kuchum, K. Ryleev, Pavel I, brothers Kalinikov, Golitsyn, A. Voronikhin, M. Gribushin, A. Gubkin, K. Khlebnikov and A. Khlebnikov, V. Tatishchev, S. Remezov, E. Pugachev, V. Bering, D. Mendeleev, V. N. Tatishchev, Peter I, Catherine II, Alexander I, N.V. Meshkov, I.I.Sviyazev, K.F.Moderakh, Diaghilevs, Lyubimovs, A.S.Popov, N.G. Slavyanov, I. Lem, N. Vorontsov and others.

Cherdyn. Ancient city Prikamye History of its foundation. Stone architecture of Cherdyn. The city is a monument and its protection. Nyrob and his role in Russian history. Nyrob prisoner.

Solikamsk Foundation of the city. Its significance in the history of Russia and the Kama region. The role of industrialists Demidovs in the development of the city and region. Architecture. Modern Solikamsk. The city is a monument and its protection. Ermak and his role in the development of the Urals and Siberia.

Usolye and salt mines. The Stroganov family and the history of Usolye. Architecture. Naryshkinsky baroque. A. Voronikhin.

Kungur. Foundation of Kungur - a large shopping center in the Kama region. Kungur Fair. merchants Gribushin and Gubkin and their contribution to the development of the city. culture and art. Famous residents of Kungur. The Kungur Ice Cave is a natural monument of world significance.

Foundation of Perm. Foundation of the Yegoshikha plant. The role of V.N. Tatishchev in the development of the riches of the Ural lands. The first buildings of Perm.

1780 - the Yegoshikha plant was renamed to the city of Perm. 1781 – formation of the Perm province. The first streets and stone buildings of Perm. Urban planning and architecture of the 19th century. Governors of the Kama region who left their mark on history.

Provincial city of Perm. Features of the construction and development of the provincial city. Architecture of Perm. F.H. The Grail and its activities. Perm University.

Wonderful people of Perm. Princes Makutov. Famous inventors are natives of the Kama region: A.S. Popov, N.G. Slavyanov, N.V. Vorontsov. Steamboatmen I.I. Lyubimov and N.V. Meshkov. D.D. Smyshlyaev. Diaghilevs. Famous guests of Perm.

Topic 3. Komi-Permyak district (1 hour)

Objective of the topic: acquaintance with the Komi-Permyak Okrug as an integral part of the Perm region.

Basic concepts and terms: Kudymkar, historical buildings and structures, Komi-Permyaks and Komi-Permyak epic. Kudym-Osh.

Personalities: Stroganovs, P.I. Subbotin-Permyak.

Topic 4. Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region.

Objective of the topic: introduction to historical cities Prikamye, their features, architecture, way of life. The role of small towns in the history of the region and Russia.

Personalities: Stroganovs, Demidovs, Lazarevs. Savva Morozov. Diaghilevs.

Wasp. Foundation of the city. Osa is an ancient merchant town. The capture of the Osa fortress by E. Pugachev and the historical memorial dedicated to this event. Architecture and its protection. Vitus Bering and Osa.

Okhansk. Foundation of the city. Okhansk merchant and its features. The path of the great people of Russia through Okhansk. Ohan meteorite.

Ilyinsky. Management center of the Stroganov estate. Co-operative culture of Ilyinsky. Artifacts of the Ilyinsky Museum. Pozhvinskaya painting (Ural rose) in the museum collection. Kuzminka Forest Park.

Essay. History of origin. Monuments of history and architecture. Yezhovsky paleontological monument.

Dobryanka. Sights of the city, cultural life of the plant, modern life of Dobryanka.

Chermoz. Lazarevs in the Kama region. Cultural and historical monuments of Chermoz.

Nytva. Cultural and historical monuments of Nytva. Nytva spoon.

Lysva. Princes Shakhovsky and Shuvalov in the Kama region. Lysva helmet.

Pozhva. Pozhvensky factories, their products. Steamship construction in the Kama region.

Suksun. Sights of Suksun. Suksun samovar.

Eagle. The role of the town in the development of the Urals and Siberia. Prikamsky tiles.

Kyn-factory. Archaeological and cultural monuments.

Pavlovsky. P.A. Stroganov.

Horde. Stone cutting in the Kama region.

Vsevolodo-Vilva. Factory and estate. The role of Vsevolodo-Vilva in the cultural life of the Kama region.

Bikbarda is the family estate of the Diaghilevs.

Pyskor as the first residence of the Stroganovs in the Kama region.

Topic 5. Mining and development of the Kama region. (1 hour)

The objective of the topic: to form an idea of ​​the city-factory.

Basic concepts and terms: factory city, artisans, self-taught inventor.

Factory towns as the basis of the metallurgical industry in the Kama region. Plant structure. Factory workers. Life and everyday life of a factory settlement.

Topic 6. New cities of the Kama region. (3 hours)

The objective of the topic: acquaintance with the new cities of the Kama region, their features, architecture, and way of life. New industries of the Kama region.

Basic concepts and terms: plant, chemical industry, oil industry, forestry, pulp and paper industry, hydropower.

Persons: S.S. Govorukhin.

Berezniki. Berezniki Chemical Plant. S.S. Govorukhin.

Krasnokamsk. Krasnokamsk pulp and paper mill.

Tchaikovsky. Votkinsk hydroelectric power station.

Topic 7. Kama region during the war years (2 hours)

Objective of the topic: acquaintance with war heroes, formation of the image of a defender of the Motherland.

Basic concepts and terms: heroism, patriotism, defense of the Motherland.

Persons: Y. Berglin, N. Trukhin, A. Stabrovsky, T. Baramzina, A. Pokryshkin and others.

Heroes of the War of 1812. Heroes of the Russian-Turkish wars. Heroes of the First World War. Heroes of the Great Patriotic War.

Prikamye during the Great Patriotic War.

Topic 8. Literary Kama region.

Objective of the topic: introduction to the literary heritage of the Kama region.

Basic concepts and terms: writer, poet.

Personalities: A. Popov, M. Osorgin, D. Mamin-Sibiryak, P. Bazhov, A. Chekhov, B. Pasternak, V. Ivanov, V. Astafiev, O. Volkonskaya, O. Selyankin, L. Yuzefovich, A. Korolev, V. Vorobyov, L. Davydychev, L. Kuzmin.

Literary space of the Kama region.

Children's writers and their works.

Educational and thematic plan

Methods of monitoring and assessing students' educational achievements.

Grade personal results in the current educational process are carried out on the basis of the student’s compliance with the following requirements:

Compliance with the norms and rules of behavior adopted in the educational institution;

Participation in public life educational institution and the immediate social environment, socially useful activities;

Diligence and responsibility for learning results;

Willingness and ability to make an informed choice of their educational trajectory;

The presence of a positive value-semantic attitude of the student, formed by means of a specific subject.

Assessmentmeta-subject results are maintained for the following items:

The student’s ability and readiness to master knowledge, independently replenish it, transfer it and integrate it;

Ability to collaborate and communicate;

The ability to solve personally and socially significant problems and translate the solutions found into practice;

Ability and willingness to use ICT for learning and development purposes;

The ability for self-organization, self-regulation and reflection.

Assessment of student achievementmeta-subject results can be carried out based on the results of implementation verification work, within the framework of the system of current, thematic and intermediate assessment, as well as intermediate certification. The main procedure for the final assessment of the achievement of meta-subject results is the defense of the final individual project.

The main object of assessing subject results is the student’s ability to solve educational, cognitive and educational and practical problems based on what is being studied educational material. Types of control of educational achievements in the subject: oral questioning, test, self-testing, mutual testing, independent work, terminological dictation, vocabulary work, test, working with cards, solving problems, crosswords, etc.

Norms for assessing knowledge for students’ oral response in social studies

1. Verbal response.

A grade of "5" is given if the student:

1. Shows deep and complete knowledge and understanding of the entire volume of program material; a complete understanding of the essence of the concepts, phenomena and patterns, theories, relationships under consideration;

2. Able to compose a complete and correct answer based on the material studied; highlight the main points, independently confirm the answer with specific examples and facts; independently and reasonedly make analyses, generalizations, and conclusions. Establish interdisciplinary (based on previously acquired knowledge) and intradisciplinary connections, creatively apply acquired knowledge in an unfamiliar situation. Consistently, clearly, coherently, reasonably and accurately present educational material; give an answer in a logical sequence using accepted terminology; draw your own conclusions; formulate a precise definition and interpretation of basic concepts, laws, theories; When answering, do not repeat the text of the textbook verbatim; present the material in literary language; Answer the teacher’s additional questions correctly and thoroughly. Independently and rationally use visual aids, reference materials, textbooks, additional literature, primary sources; apply a system of symbols when keeping notes accompanying the answer; use to prove conclusions from observations and experiments;

3. Independently, confidently and accurately applies acquired knowledge to solve problems at a creative level; makes no more than one defect, which can be easily corrected at the request of the teacher; has the necessary skills to work with instruments, drawings, diagrams and graphs accompanying the answer; the records accompanying the response are adequate.

A grade of "4" is given if the student:

1. Shows knowledge of all studied program material. Gives a complete and correct answer based on the theories studied; minor errors and shortcomings in the reproduction of the studied material, definitions of concepts were incomplete, minor inaccuracies in the use of scientific terms or in conclusions and generalizations from observations and experiments; presents the material in a certain logical sequence, while making one minor mistake or no more than two shortcomings and can correct them independently if requested or with a little help from the teacher; basically mastered the educational material; supports the answer with specific examples; correctly answers additional questions from the teacher.

2. Able to independently identify the main points in the studied material; based on facts and examples, generalize, draw conclusions, and establish intra-subject connections. Apply acquired knowledge in practice in a modified situation, follow the basic rules of culture oral speech and accompanying writing, use scientific terms;

3. Does not have sufficient skills in working with reference books, textbooks, primary sources (orients himself correctly, but works slowly). Allows minor violations of the rules for formatting written work.

A grade of "3" is given if the student:

1) has mastered the main content of the educational material, has gaps in mastering the material that do not prevent further mastery of the program material;

2) the material is presented unsystematically, fragmentarily, and not always consistently;

3) shows insufficient development of individual knowledge and skills; Poorly argues conclusions and generalizations and makes mistakes in them.

4) made mistakes and inaccuracies in the use of scientific terminology, the definitions of concepts were not clear enough;

5) did not use conclusions and generalizations from observations, facts, experiments as evidence or made mistakes in their presentation;

6) has difficulty applying the knowledge necessary to solve problems various types, when explaining specific phenomena on the basis of theories and laws, or in confirming specific examples practical application theories;

7) answers the teacher’s questions incompletely (omitting the main thing), or reproduces the content of the text of the textbook, but does not sufficiently understand individual provisions that are important in this text;

8) reveals insufficient understanding of certain provisions when reproducing the textbook text (records, primary sources) or answers the teacher’s questions incompletely, making one or two gross mistakes.

A grade of "2" is given if the student:

1) did not understand and disclose the main content of the material;

2) does not draw conclusions or generalizations.

3) does not know or understand a significant or major part of the program material within the limits of the questions posed;

4) has poorly formed and incomplete knowledge and does not know how to apply it to solving specific issues and problems according to the model;

5) when answering (one question), he makes more than two gross mistakes, which he cannot correct even with the help of a teacher.

A grade of "1" is given if the student:

1) cannot answer any of the questions posed;

2) did not fully understand the material.

Norms for assessing knowledge for completing a test

Norms for assessing knowledge for students’ creative work

General information

The topic of the subject is not obvious. Information is not accurate or not given.

The information is partially presented. Only one resource was used in the work.

Fairly accurate information. More than one resource was used.

This information is short and clear.

More than one resource was used.

Subject

The topic of the lesson is not disclosed or clear. Explanations are incorrect, confusing, or incorrect.

The topic is partially covered. Some material is presented incorrectly.

The material is clearly presented.

The topic of the lesson is formulated and revealed.

The main aspects are fully outlined

lesson topics.

Applications and problems

The scope of this topic is not defined. The decision process is inaccurate or incorrect.

Some areas of application of the topic are reflected. The solution process is incomplete.

The areas of application of the topic are reflected. The solution process is almost complete.

The areas of application of the topic are reflected.

A strategy for solving problems is outlined.

Calendar-thematic planning 5th grade

Subject

Number of hours

Scheduled date

Actual date

Introduction: Let's look through the eyes of a historian

11.09

11.09

Permian period

18.09

18.09

Stone Age of the Kama region

25.09

Ages of metals

2.10

He who lives gives names

9.10

Cherdyn. Solikamsk Usolye Kungur

16.10

Founding of Perm

23.10

8-9

Provincial city of Perm

30.10-13.11

Komi-Permyak district

20.11

Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region

27.11

Mining and development of the Kama region

4.12

New cities of the Kama region

11.12

Heroes of the War of 1812. Heroes of the First World War

18.12

Prikamye during the Great Patriotic War

25.12

Prikamye - literary

15.01

Final lesson “My Perm Region”

22.12

Educational and methodological tools

1. N.P.Gorbatsevich, D.M. Sofin, O.V. Vlasova, D.A. Kormilin. My Perm region. Pages of distant and near times. – Perm, “Book World”, 2015

Television and educational films on the history of the Kama region

"Permian period of Roderick Murchison"

“An invention for the ages. N.G. Slavyanov" "Perm the Great". Educational film in 4 parts. Ministry of Education of the Perm Territory, 2008.

"Permian. History in faces." Educational film in 4 parts, 2006

1. Bader O.N., Oborin V.A. At the dawn of the history of the Kama region. Perm, 1958.

2. Belavin A.M., Nechaev M.G. Provincial Perm. Perm, 1996.

3. Bordinskikh G.A. Legends and traditions of the Solikamsk land. Solikamsk, 2006.

4. Bubnov E. Russian folk architecture of the Urals. – M., 1988

5. Verkholantsev V.S. The city of Perm, its past and present. Perm, 1994.

6. Vesnovsky V.A. Historical monuments in the Perm province. Perm, 1915.

7. Vishnevsky B.N. Traveler Kirill Khlebnikov. Perm, 1957.

8. Vlasova O.M. Artist P. I. Subbotin-Permyak. Perm, 1990.

9. Voevodin L.E. 45 ancient folk songs in the factories of the Perm province. Perm, 1905.

10. Voevodin L.E. The Reigning House of Romanov and the Perm Region // Proceedings of the Perm Provincial Scientific Archival Commission. Vol. XI. Perm, 1914.

11. Volkonskaya O.A. Perm mountain ash. Perm, 1966.

12. Golovchansky G.P., Melnichuk A.F. Stroganov towns, prisons, villages. Perm, 2005.

13. Gorovoy F.S. About the date of foundation of the city of Perm. (On the issue of the founding dates of cities as historical monuments) // Ural Archaeographic Yearbook for 1970. Perm, 1971.

14. Grimm G. Architect Voronikhin. - M.-L., 1963

15. Dmitriev A.A. Historical sketch of the Perm region. Perm, 1896.

16. Dmitriev A.A. Essays from the history of the provincial city of Perm from the founding of the settlement until 1845 with the appendix of the chronicle of the city of Perm from 1845 to 1890. Perm, 1889.

17. Dmitriev A.A. Perm antiquity. Vol. I–VIII. Perm, 1889–1900.

18. Zolotov E.D. The city of Kungur in 1774 during the Pugachev rebellion: materials on the history of the city // Zolotov E.D. Pain of the soul: favorites. Kungur, 2002.

19. Golden Stars of the Kama region. Perm, 1975.

20. History of the Urals: in 2 volumes / under general. ed. I. S. Kaptsugovich. Perm, 1976–1977.

21. History of the Urals: in 2 volumes / under general. ed. F. S. Gorovoy. Perm, 1963–1965.

22. Kaptsugovich I. Stories for reading on the history of the Kama region. – Perm, 1984

23. Klimov V.V., Chagin G.N. All year round holidays, rituals and customs of the Komi-Permyaks. Kudymkar, 2005.

24. Korchagin P.A. Provincial capital of Perm. Perm, 2006.

25. Krivoshchekov I.Ya. Materials for the history of the village of Kudymkora, Solikamsk district, Perm province. Perm, 1894.

26. Krivoshchekova-Gantman A. Geographical names Upper Kama region. – Perm, 1983

27. Kupkel A. Pages of Perm architecture. – Perm, 1999

28. Lisovsky V. Andrey Voronikhin. – L., 1971

29. Lobanov D.A., Oshchepkov L.G. History of the 194th Troitsko-Sergievsky Infantry Regiment. Perm, 2006.

30. Lunegov I. Ancient Cherdyn. – Perm, 1969

31. Mezenina T.G., Mosin A.G., Mudrova N.A., Neklyudov E.G. The Stroganov family. Ekaterinburg, 2007.

32. Mukhin V.V. Ermak Timofeevich. Perm, 1957.

33. Myalitsyn I.A. The tanks were led by Alekseev. Perm, 1978.

34. Neklyudov E.G., Popova-Yatskevich E.G. Lazarev family. Ekaterinburg, 2013.

35. Oborin V., Chagin G. Peipus antiquities of Riphean. – Perm, 1989

36. Pereskokov L.V.; Marchenko A., archpriest; Koroleva V.V. Orthodox monasteries and churches of Perm. Perm, 2013.

37. Feat of the Perm tank crews. Perm, 1971.

38. Popov E., archpriest. Saint Stephen of Great Perm. Perm, 1885.

39. Savich A.A. The past of the Urals: historical essays. Perm, 1925.

40. Serebrennikov N.N. Perm wooden sculpture. Perm, 1967.

41. Smyshlyaev D.D. Collection of articles about the Perm province. Perm, 1891.

42. Speshilova E.A. Old Perm: At Home. Streets. People. 1723–1917. Perm, 1999.

43. Teploukhov F.A. Antiquities of the Perm Chud from silver and gold and its trade routes. Perm, 1895.

44. Terekhin A. Architecture of the Kama region. – Perm, 1970

45. Tynyanov Yu.N. Citizen Ocher. Ural heritage. Perm, 1990.

46. ​​Ungvitsky V.N. Culture of the Urals during the Great Patriotic War. Perm, 1994.

47. Filatov S.V., Ardashov V.P. Heraldry of Perm: silver bear on a red field. Perm, 2008.

48. Fomichev M.G. The path began from the Urals. M., 1976.

49. Chagin G. Cherdyn. – Perm, 1972

50. Chagin G.N. The cities of Perm, Velikaya Cherdyn and Solikamsk. Perm, 2003.

51. Chagin G.N., Shilov A.V. District provinces of Kungur, Osa, Okhansk. Perm, 2007.

52. Shvarts A. Academician of architecture I.I. Sviyazev. – Perm, 1959

53. Shishonko V.N. Perm Chronicle. Periods 1–5. Perm, 1881–1899.

54. Shustov S.G. Perm estate of Counts Stroganov in the first half of the 19th century. Perm, 2006.

55. Yuzefovich L. Rudoznatsy. Perm, 1987.

56. Yuzefovich L.A. Cast iron lamb; Casarosa. Perm, 2008.

57. Yakuntsov I.A. The Urals during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. Perm, 1997.