What does warm bread teach us? “Warm Bread” reader's diary

“Warm Bread” is a kind and instructive tale that tells about how important it is to remain kind and merciful even in the most difficult times.

Summary of “Warm Bread” for a reader’s diary

Name: Warm bread

Number of pages: 2. Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich. "Warm bread" Publishing house "Malysh". Moscow. 1974

Genre: Fairy tale

Year of writing: 1954

Time and place of the plot

Despite the fact that the work does not give exact indications of the time of action, based on indirect evidence we can conclude that the events take place during the Civil War in Russia, in the village of Berezhki.

Main characters

Filka "Well you"- a harmful, unsociable, gloomy, angry boy, who realized in time how wrong he was.

Pankrat is an old miller, a kind, understanding, very smart man.

Grandma Filka - old woman, who knows and understands folk traditions well.

Plot

One day, in the village of Berezhki, a wounded horse appeared, which was abandoned by the Red Army soldiers. He was taken by the miller Pankrat, whom the local boys considered a real sorcerer. Pankrat got out of his horse and, with his help, began to repair the dam. However, the miller could not feed the horse in times of hunger, and he walked throughout the village, begging for food from the residents. Everyone felt sorry for him and shared what they could.

One day a horse knocked on the gate of Filka, nicknamed “Hey!” The boy was so nicknamed in the village because he did not believe in anything and did not play with anyone. Filka reluctantly approached the gate and suddenly hit the gullible horse in the mouth with all his might. Then he cursed him angrily and threw a piece of bread straight into the snow.

The horse shed a tear, he neighed pitifully and left, and the village was in power strong wind with snow. Filka even barely reached his porch and locked the door, and at night a terrible frost struck, freezing the river to the very bottom. Even the wells froze, and certain death awaited the villagers - the water mill was frozen in ice, and it was impossible to grind flour.

Filka's grandmother, wailing, said that a hundred years ago the same severe frost happened, and half of the village died out. And the reason for this turned out to be human anger. When a legless soldier passed by the village, he asked for bread, but the greedy owner threw him a moldy piece of bread on the ground. Then the soldier whistled, and the bitter frost struck. The grandmother decided that, apparently, there was a similar one in the village now. angry man.

At night, Filka went to Pankrat and confessed everything. He gave the boy an hour to find a way to save the village from certain death. Filka decided to gather all the boys and manually hollow out the ice at the mill so that the dam would work. Early in the morning, not only the boys gathered near the river, but also all the healthy, strong residents who began to light fires and chop ice. During the work, no one noticed how a warm wind blew, and water dripped merrily from the roofs under the bright sun. By evening, a large hole had formed near the mill, and Pankrat got to work. Now all the housewives of Berezhki were provided with flour, and the wonderful aroma of freshly baked bread was everywhere. In the morning Filka came to the horse with a big brim and made peace with him.

Conclusion and your opinion

Kindness, mercy, and indifference to the misfortune of others are important human qualities on which the world rests. Good deeds will invariably find a response in the hearts of other people, who will also respond with good deeds. But indifference and callousness will invariably lead to sad consequences. You should not look for good on the side, it is inside each of us, you just need to open yourself to good, right deeds.

Main idea

You need to treat your neighbor with attention, love, care, and then you won’t have to reproach yourself for cruelty and inhumanity.

Author's aphorisms

“...The mill hasn’t worked for a long time, but the flour dust has ingrained itself into Pankrat forever...”

“...nobody’s horse, or rather, a public horse...”

“...You won’t be able to get enough of us, Christ-fathers...”

“...You senseless citizen!..”

“...You will be a clean, cheerful person...”

Interpretation of unclear words

Outskirts– a hedge around a village or at the edge of a village.

Vatnik– a short quilted jacket made of thick cotton fabric, insulated with cotton wool.

Kartuz- a men's headdress that was widespread in the 16th - early 20th centuries.

Gate– a door in a fence intended for entry into and exit from a fenced area.

Sheepskin coat- a naked, long fur coat, not covered with cloth.

Valet- a servant under a master in a rich noble house.

Clamp- the main part of the harness worn around the horse’s neck, consisting of a wooden frame - pincers and a soft cushion covering it - a clamp.

New words

Cavalryman- a soldier of the cavalry - a special type of army in which a riding horse was used for combat operations and movement.

Beg- beg, live on alms.

Projectile- a means of destroying the enemy, fired from an artillery or other military weapon.

Story test

Reader's diary rating

Average rating: 4.3. Total ratings received: 82.

The main characters of Konstantin Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, a cavalry horse, he was wounded in the leg and was left in the village, with the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed his horse, and the horse often wandered around the village in search of food.

One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.

The horse neighed in fear, waved its tail, and at that moment a blizzard began. The snowstorm was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the snowstorm subsided. After the snowstorm, it became sharply cold, and my grandmother was worried that because of the frost there would be famine in the village.

She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One man did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw the bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, left the house, whistled and a severe frost fell on the village.

Filka, realizing that his rudeness to the horse had caused the frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. That's what Filka did. He came to the miller and told him how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to correct the situation, because the frost froze the water, the mill stopped, and he could not grind flour.

Filka thought and said that he would persuade the guys to go out to the pond with crowbars to break up the ice. This conversation was heard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's entryway. The magpie flew away somewhere unnoticed.

The next day, the village boys went out to break the ice. Old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how the warm southern wind began to blow. By evening the ice cracked and water poured onto the mill wheel.

In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows didn't believe her.

Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted residents lit the stoves and began baking bread from flour.

In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller calmed him down. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy’s hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka’s shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.

That's how it is summary fairy tales

The main idea of ​​Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” is that one should not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers by sending in a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped correct the situation.

The fairy tale teaches us to be kind to both people and animals, and not to offend anyone needlessly.

In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, who went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape from the frost.

What proverbs fit Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

When doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in the extreme cold.
Even an old lady can’t live without the edge.
For a great cause - great help.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Author of the presentation: teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Lyceum No. 1" r.p. Chamzinka of the Republic of Mordovia Svetlana Petrovna Pechkazova What does K. G. Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread" teach? Didactic material for a literature lesson in the 5th grade

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LESSON OBJECTIVE: to help students analyze A.P. Platonov’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”, understand the theme, idea, moral lessons, features of visual and expressive means

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The author of the fairy tale “Warm Bread,” Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky, is known as a humanist writer who, with the help of subtle humor and precise words, knows how to awaken the best in a person: kindness, empathy, compassion. V.P. Astafiev It seems to me that real writers always have a particle of something fabulous in their feeling of joy from a completed work. It was as if the writer took his friend’s hand tightly and led him into life, into a country full of events and light. "Look!" “he says, and the doors of houses open in front of his friend, and he sees touching and sad, funny and heroic stories.” K. Paustovsky (“The Joy of Creativity”)

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” What is the plot line of the fairy tale “Warm Bread”? When the cavalrymen passed through the village of Berezhki, an enemy shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded a black horse, and it remained in Berezhki. And then the war ended with our complete victory. The old miller Pankrat took out his wounded horse and, with his help, restored the mill. People were able to grind grain and bake bread from flour. Life in the village began to improve, but the boy Filka, nicknamed “Well, You,” offended the horse - he did not share the bread, and even threw a piece of bread on the ground. Suddenly a severe frost set in, everything was covered with ice, even the mill wheel became icy. And it would have been bad for everyone if Filka had not thought of asking the horse for forgiveness and bringing warm bread for reconciliation. The sun shone and the ice began to melt.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Boy Filka, nicknamed “Well, you” Who main character fairy tales “Warm Bread”? What can his nickname tell about Filka? The main character of the fairy tale appears to us as “silent, distrustful,” and the nickname “Well, You” speaks of his laziness, selfishness, “unkindness,” and even rudeness. These features of Filka showed up especially clearly in the scene with the horse: “Fuck you! Devil!" - Filka shouted and hit the horse in the mouth with a backhand.”

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Boy Filka, nicknamed “Well, you” at the beginning of the fairy tale, rude, angry, proud, indifferent

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Why did Filka hit the horse? The miller Pankrat took pity on the wounded horse and gave him shelter. But it was not easy for the elderly man to feed his horse in winter. The animal was fed by all the residents of the village of Berezhki: they brought him stale bread, carrots, beet tops - whoever could. Only the indifferent boy Filka did not feed the animal. Filka hit the hungry horse on the lips, which reached for the edge of the bread, and threw the slice into the snow.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” What is the retribution for a cruel act? Nature seemed to rebel because of such cruel treatment of the horse. From this moment on, fantastic events begin to happen in the fairy tale. The horse “waved his tail and immediately... a piercing wind whistled, the snow blew up...”. A snowstorm immediately began and the water at the mill froze. And now the whole village risked remaining hungry, since there was no way to grind grain into flour and bake delicious buns from it.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” What story does grandma tell? The story told to Filka by her grandmother is also similar to a fairy tale. The grandmother remembered a similar act towards a legless, hungry soldier. The culprit of that incident soon died, and the nature of the village of Berezhki did not please with either a flower or a leaf for another 10 years. After all, then there was also a snowstorm and it became sharply cold.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Who did Filka turn to for help? Filka realized his bad deed and decided to improve. In the bitter cold, he went to the miller Pankrat for help. Pankrat advised the boy to invent an escape from the cold and gave Filka an hour and a quarter to do this.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” What did Filka come up with? Frightened by such consequences of his action, Filimon gathered the guys to break the ice around the mill with axes and crowbars. Old people also came to help. Grown men were at the front then. People worked all day, and nature appreciated their efforts.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” How did the boy atone for his guilt? In the village of Berezhki, a warm wind suddenly blew, and water poured onto the blades of the mill. Filka's grandmother baked bread from the ground flour, the boy took one loaf and took it to the horse. He did not immediately, but took the treat and made peace with the child, placing his head on his shoulder.

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Boy Filka, nicknamed “Well, you” at the end of the fairy tale is soft, kind, soulful, merciful

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” What good advice from Paustovsky sounds in the fairy tale? Know how to make a mistake - know how to get better. (Proverb) To correct, to stop evil, you must do a good deed. When people get down to business together, they can do a lot. Man and nature are inseparable, and man should not forget about this. You cannot be indifferent to the world around you. You need to treat people kindly, and then life will become easier and more interesting. You must be able to forgive mistakes, because everyone can make mistakes...

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Fairy tale “Warm Bread” Name the compositional parts of the fairy tale BEGINNING OF THE FAIRY TALE (development of the action) Ending fairy-tale and real events fairy-tale and realistic A wonderful combination of persistent efforts of people and the fabulous intervention of magic and fantasy turns an interesting story about a wounded horse and the boy Filka into a wonderful fairy tale that helps us think about your actions and become kinder and friendlier.. realistic (what, where and when)

“Warm Bread” is very little like a fairy tale, because the village of Berezhki, and the main character - the boy Filka, and the wise old miller Pankrat could exist in reality. And the terrible snowstorm and bitter frost, caused by Filka’s rude and thoughtless act, could well have turned out to be an ordinary coincidence. Ordinary - but not quite.

What is it about? we're talking about in this strange fairy tale? The old miller Pankrat cured a war horse wounded in the leg, which was left in the village by passing cavalrymen. The horse, in turn, patiently helped the miller repair the dam - it was winter, people were running out of flour, so it was necessary to repair the mill as soon as possible.

Filka’s grandmother told the quiet and frightened boy that the same severe frost fell on the village a hundred years ago, when an evil man undeservedly and bitterly offended an old crippled soldier. After that frost, the earth turned into a desert for ten years - the gardens did not bloom, the forests dried up, animals and birds hid and fled. And the evil man died “from a cold heart.”

Filka’s heart ached from the consciousness of his guilt, the boy realized that only he could correct the mistake he had made, but he did not know how. Grandmother was sure that Pankrat should know about this, because “he is a cunning old man, a scientist.”

At night, not afraid of the biting frost, Filka ran to the miller, and he advised him to “invent salvation from the cold.” Then the guilt both before the horse and before the people will be smoothed over, and Filka will again become a “pure person.” The boy thought and thought and came up with the idea of ​​gathering guys from all over the village with axes and crowbars the next morning to break the ice on the river near the mill until water appears. That's what they did. At dawn, people from all over the village gathered to help the guys, Filka apologized to them as best he could, and everyone got to work. Soon it became warmer, things began to move faster, and people reached the water. The wheel of the mill turned, the women brought unmilled grain, and hot flour poured out from under the millstone. Everyone was happy, and Filka most of all. But he still had one more thing to do; a thorn of guilt in front of the undeservedly offended horse sat deep in his heart. Material from the site

Throughout the village that evening, fragrant sweet bread with a golden brown crust was baked. The next morning Filka took a loaf of warm bread, grabbed his friends for support and went to the horse to make peace. He broke the loaf, salted a chunk heavily and handed it to the horse. But the horse, remembering the unfair words, did not take the bread and backed away. Filka was afraid that the horse would not forgive him and began to cry. The kind Pankrat calmed the horse and explained that “the boy Filka is not an evil person.” So a solemn truce was concluded, the horse ate the bread, and the forgiven boy was happy.

It seems to me that Paustovsky was able to tell a lot about the relationships between people, about their responsibility for their words and actions. Everything in the world is interconnected, and the consequences of Filka’s actions at the beginning of the fairy tale had to be corrected, attracting the help of people from the entire village. The story teaches us to be kind, sympathetic and not be afraid to ask for forgiveness for the offenses caused to others.

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The work “Warm Bread” was written by Konstantin Paustovsky in 1954, when 9 years had already passed since the war ended. This amazing story, where good opposes evil, really appealed to young readers, and adults, of course, too. Famous magazine“Murzilka” published the work, and almost twenty years later, television viewers could enjoy a short cartoon based on the fairy tale. An analysis of the work “Warm Bread” will also be useful for you if you are planning to write an essay on this topic in grade 5.

What is the short story “Warm Bread” about?

First, we will briefly discuss what topic Konstantin Paustovsky raises and what he encourages readers to think about, then we will look at the plot and the main characters, and we will also see how Filka offends the horse. The story “Warm Bread” reveals the theme of love and generosity, while at the same time drawing attention to an indifferent person. Is it possible to eliminate the consequences of the evil committed, show mercy and forgive from the heart? Events of the present and past are connected by a single thread, the author writes about people and animals, about guilt and redemption.

An analysis of the story “Warm Bread” would be incomplete without considering the plot. Paustovsky paints a simple village during the war. There is a catastrophic shortage of food, the peasants have a hard life, they have to work very hard, not sparing themselves. The old miller Pankrat had the opportunity to shelter a crippled animal. It was a horse that accidentally ended up in Berezhki, and now it was necessary to somehow support it, but Pankrat already did not have enough food.

Heroes of the story "Warm Bread"

When preparing an essay for grade 5 based on the story “Warm Bread” by Paustovsky, pay attention to the image of Filka. This is a teenager who lives with his grandmother, and he is very heartless, full of anger, mistrust and callousness. When friends turn to him for help, he refuses them, and he does not like either people or animals.

When his grandmother talks to Filka, he suddenly realizes how cruelly he acted and what the consequences may now be. After reflection, he finds the best way out of the situation and admits his mistake. Now we see a different side to this character: he is hardworking, smart, organized and ready to correct the consequences of his rash actions for the benefit of others. You can already trust Filka.

However, analysis of the story “Warm Bread” also shows the image of another character, which we have already mentioned. This is the old miller Pankrat. His image is mysterious, because he not only cured the horse, but also showed amazing qualities. When Filka goes to atone for his guilt, Pankrat does not interfere with him and does not hold a grudge against him, realizing that each person has his own positive qualities, and one must believe in a person.

Other analysis details

The events in the story “Warm Bread” strictly follow one another; Paustovsky, as it were, guides the reader, gradually revealing the characters’ characters, and shows what motivates them. Of course, the story contains fairy-tale motifs that are skillfully intertwined with real events. This creates a unified composition. It is interesting that with the help of outdated figures of speech and folklore expressions the narrative takes on special colors and looks very unique.

In our analysis of “Warm Bread” we will definitely emphasize the essence of the author’s idea. Paints a person generosity, compassion and responsiveness. When a person acts kindly, kindness returns to him, and an indifferent attitude towards others entails troubles and evil. In addition, if you realize your mistake in time and are ready to correct yourself, this will definitely change the situation and find a response in the hearts of others.

We hope that the analysis of the story “Warm Bread” will be useful to you. We looked at the summary of the work, the image of the main characters and the author’s idea that he wanted to convey to readers. If you write an essay on the story “Warm Bread” by Paustovsky, be sure to include these thoughts.

There are many stories that talk about how to live correctly, what actions to avoid, what to truly value. Usually the author talks about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of the short story. In his writings there is always a motive of high civic thoughts and fidelity to his duty. In addition, his works combine a lively story with a heartfelt description of nature. “Warm Bread” is a wonderful example of the writer’s artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

A cautionary tale

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. “Warm Bread” is a story for children in which the author teaches little readers not to do bad things and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where the Christian commandments about warmth and love for one’s neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. “Warm bread” is a symbol of vitality and spiritual generosity. In Rus', peasants obtained bread through hard work, and therefore their attitude towards it was careful and reverent. And fresh baked goods have been the best delicacy on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky’s story has miraculous powers; it makes people kinder and cleaner.

Beginning of the work

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. “Warm Bread” tells the story of how once, during the war, a combat cavalry detachment walked through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him in. He was an eternally gloomy man, but very quick to get to work, whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary for equipping the mill.

Further, Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They brought him stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was “social” and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that, under the influence of circumstances, occurred in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero responded to all reproaches with the same phrase: “Fuck you!” One day Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse came into the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw the bread into the loose snow with the words: “You, Christ-loving people, won’t get enough!”

These evil words became a signal for the beginning of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he neighed offendedly, waved his tail, and at that moment a severe frost fell on the village. The snow that flew up immediately covered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: “Fuck you!” However, I listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating its sides.

Bitter cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. “Warm Bread” talks about the bitter cold that fell to the ground after Filka’s rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, but then such frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village faced inevitable death by starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour at his mill.

Old legend

Next, Konstantin Paustovsky talks about the old legend. “Warm Bread,” through the mouth of Filka’s old grandmother, describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner responded by throwing a piece of stale bread onto the floor and ordering the veteran to pick up the thrown “treat” himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold and could not be eaten. Then the offended man went out into the yard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy man died “from a cold heart.”

Awareness of the act

Paustovsky came up with an instructive parable. “Warm Bread” describes the terrible turmoil that occurred in the soul of the frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would work out if the person who committed the evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The Path to Repentance

“Filka’s path was not easy,” writes Paustovsky. The writer talks about how the boy had to overcome severe cold, such that even the air seemed frozen and he had no strength to breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and could only heavily roll over the snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka got scared and sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and sat him down by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy a “senseless citizen” and ordered him to come up with a way out of this situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Next, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky plunges his hero into deep thoughts. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start cutting ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device will warm up and begin to grind flour. So the village will again have both flour and water. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filka’s stupidity with their humps, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they too would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K. G. Paustovsky paints a wonderful picture of joint work in his work (the stories of this author are particularly expressive). It tells how all the children and old people went out to the river and began to cut ice. Fires blazed around, axes clattered, and with everyone’s efforts people defeated the cold. True, the warm summer wind that suddenly blew from the south also helped. The chatty magpie, who heard the conversation between Filka and the miller and then flew away in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and said that it was she who managed to save the village. She allegedly flew to the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke it up and brought it with her. However, no one except the crows understood the magpie, so its merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with the horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer talked about how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After water appeared on the river again, the mill ring turned and freshly ground flour flowed into the bags. From it the women kneaded a sweet, tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell from the rosy baked goods with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of feasting on it. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to make peace with the wounded horse. He was holding a loaf of fresh bread in his hands, and the tiny boy Nikolka was carrying behind him a large wooden container with salt. The horse at first backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka cried so desperately that the animal had mercy and took the fragrant bread from the boy’s hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he laid his head on Filka’s shoulder and closed his eyes from pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring came to the village again.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called “Warm Bread” one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared to the stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity can be compared to a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw a cut piece of wood into the snow committed a very bad act. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread must be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story “Warm Bread” (Paustovsky) in fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer is contained in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around him. He was unkind to his grandmother and dismissive with his friends. And only the threat hanging over all the village residents helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and distrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story “Warm Bread” (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the powerful forces of nature play a large role. At the very beginning of the work it is said that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. The weather was warm in Berezhki until they fed and took pity on the wounded horse. However, Filka’s cruel words and his bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. A fierce cold immediately set in, shackling the river and depriving people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold on the street, in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all went out onto the ice together to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka’s spiritual rebirth.

The power of words

K. G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are permeated with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to monitor not only your actions, but also your words. Filka’s cruel phrase, ringing in the air, made everything around freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, had committed a terrible evil. After all, it is precisely from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which could have been prevented with a different attitude. Filka did not need words to apologize to the offended horse; he actually proved that he repented of his own actions. And the boy’s sincere tears finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fairy-tale and real motifs in his creations. For example, in “Warm Bread” there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, and the rest of the villagers. And invented ones: magpie, forces of nature. The events that occur in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, there is nothing unusual in the fact that Filka offended the horse, asked Pankrat about how to correct what he had done, broke ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal. But the magpie, which brings with it the summer wind, and the cold that befalls the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly beyond the scope of ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, “Warm Bread” can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

Old words

Paustovsky actively uses folklore motifs in his work. “Warm Bread,” the content of which is replete with ancient words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, people who beg for alms were called Christians in Rus'. This word was never considered offensive; everyone gave to those in need as much as they could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, actually calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: “kartuz”, “battleya”, “pozhukhli”, “nashkodil”, “treukh”, “yar”, “osokori” and others. They give the work a special flavor, bringing it closer to folk fairy tale motifs.

Sin and repentance

You need to be held accountable for bad deeds. Paustovsky talks about this in his story. “Warm Bread,” whose heroes managed to overcome the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul of the little boy. At first, Filka was simply scared, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy’s grandmother probably guessed what had happened, but did not scold him, but told him an instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka another lesson - he forced him to independently come up with a way out of the current situation. Only through sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win the forgiveness of higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed a crust of fresh bread with its warmth.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive ending. One of them was invented by Paustovsky (“Warm Bread”). Reviews of this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts about mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely repents of his actions. And the ability to admit your mistakes and take responsibility for them is one of the most important human qualities.

Lesson topic: " K. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Objective of the lesson:

Tasks:

Equipment:

Textbook:

Lesson progress:

I. Organizational moment.

II Checking notes.

III Opening remarks.

Motivation.

The old man smiled and answered:

What is good? Draw his verbal portrait. (Good is the sun, light, smiles, warmth, bread) Let me add some more words to the string of words you mentioned: good is joy, peace.

Studying the material.

Clarify your answer to the question: “Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?” - What bad deed does Filka commit? Does the boy realize that he did something wrong? - Was it a coincidence that the wind howled immediately after the inhumane act of the protagonist? What does the boy hear in this howl? - When did Filka realize that he had committed a bad act? - How did the attitude of Pankrat and other heroes of the work towards Filka help him understand himself? - How do we see Filka at the end of the work? Find the last phrase with his favorite expression. What changes in Filka’s soul do we learn about through the intonation with which the boy pronounces this expression? - Why doesn’t Filka say this phrase at the end of the fairy tale? - Why did the horse forgive Filka?

Analysis of the description of nature.- Please note that not only people, but also nature help the boy understand himself. In this work of art it plays a very important role. Which one? Let's figure it out. - How did the weather change during the events taking place in the fairy tale? - What paths did the author use in describing nature? (Individual assignment) - Why does the author, after talking about Filka’s heartless act, then paint a fairy-tale landscape?

The beginning of a snowstorm is the response of the magical forces of nature to Filka’s act. - What happened in nature after people broke the ice? Is this a fairytale or realistic landscape? (Individual assignment) - Draw a conclusion about the role played by the landscape in the fairy tale.

IV. Consolidation of what has been learned. Activation of basic knowledge in the theory of literature, work on the concept of “epithet”, definition of the lexical meaning of the word “warm” - Yes, in Paustovsky’s work there is both the real and the fantastic. This once again proves that “Warm Bread” is a fairy tale. Determine which events and characters are real and which are fabulous.

Of course, in the fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky showed a lot of magic. But writers do not always come up with plots; they often find them in life itself. And who knows, maybe this story actually happened, because many people commit evil. Do you agree with me? - That's right, this fairy tale is about you and me, about the fact that people often make mistakes. What else is the fairy tale about? To answer this question, let’s think about why Konstantin Georgievich called the fairy tale “Warm Bread”. There are several written on the board lexical meanings of this word. Frost-free, southern. Has heating. - In what lexical meaning is the word used? warm in a phrase warm bread? - What trope does the title of the fairy tale contain? Why did the author call bread baked by people also wonderful? - So, what is the meaning of the title of the fairy tale? It is no coincidence that Paustovsky calls this tale “Warm Bread”. Warm means kind, made with love. This is exactly what Paustovsky wants to emphasize in the title of his fairy tale. The bread, warmed by the warmth of Filka’s melted heart, is a kind of atonement for the boy’s guilt.

What new things did you discover during the lesson? - Are you interested in the issues raised? - Did our conversation make you think about your actions? Not only people helped Filka realize his guilt, but nature with its laws showed what act the boy committed. Nature is changing all the time. How does it change? By what means is this achieved? The author gives a sound and color perception of the landscape in the story. Let's find it in the text.

V. Summing up. Generalization.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Blaise Pascal

VI. Homework:

Group work.

Group 1 - Sounds (cawed, howled, whistled, broke birdhouses, slammed shutters, rushed, rustled, a blizzard roared, the grove rustled, icicles crashed with a ringing sound, etc.).

Group 2 - Color (black water, the sky has turned green, the vault of heaven, black willows, turned gray from the cold, the sun rises crimson, on gray willows).

Group 3 - Movement (snow melted and fell, crows pushed, ice floes swirled, snow blew up, got powdery in the throat, frozen straw flew, the frost passed, etc.).

Conclusion: nature is also an image. She “takes revenge” for evil deeds in her own way, gets angry at people and rejoices with them. She lives her own life, helps people understand the beauty and harmony on Earth. Nature is like a magician. And there is also a lot of magic in Paustovsky’s fairy tale.

Group 1 - What do you think is real in a fairy tale?

Group 2 - What do you think is fabulous?

What decision does Filka make? (He decides to invent a method of “universal salvation”. First of all, he himself does not want to die, and secondly, he must save the entire village from inevitable death).

Reading a passage.

tear of happiness)

Test

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

A) human malice

B) popular hatred

B) human rudeness

A) Asked him for forgiveness.

B) He fed him carrots.

Key: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7B.

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"TO. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Lesson topic: " K. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”

Objective of the lesson: using the example of the fairy tale “Warm Bread” by K.G. Paustovsky to show students that a person’s happiness lies in kindness, good deeds, and mutual assistance;

Tasks:

- test students' knowledge of the material;

- repetition of the theme "artistic means of language",

Fostering love for nature and loved ones.

Equipment: illustrations, “All World and Russian Literature”

Textbook:“Russian Literature” 5th grade, ed. Chaplyshkina;

Lesson progress:

I. Organizational moment. Greeting, checking readiness for the lesson. Setting goals and objectives for the lesson.

II. Checking homework. Checking notes.

III. Posting new material. Opening remarks.

Motivation.

- I want to start our lesson with an eastern parable.

Once upon a time, an old man revealed one vital truth to his grandson:

There is a struggle in every person, very similar to the struggle of two wolves. One wolf represents evil: envy, jealousy, regret, selfishness, ambition, lies. The other wolf represents goodness: peace, love, hope, truth, kindness and loyalty.

The grandson, touched to the depths of his soul by his grandfather’s words, thought for a moment, and then asked:

Which wolf wins in the end?

The old man smiled and answered:

The wolf you feed always wins.

How did you understand what this parable was about? Why did I start our communication with these words?

Using your experience and parable, guess what evil is? Where does it come from? Who is the main carrier of evil? Who does it come from? (From people).

Choose an antonym for the word evil. (Good)

What is good? Draw his verbal portrait. (Good is the sun, light, smiles, warmth, bread) Let me add some more words to the string of words you mentioned: good is joy, peace.

What actions can goodness be expressed in?

Studying the material.

Which wolf do you think is easier to feed: the one that represents good or evil? (I will assume the answer is that it is easier to feed evil) An evil act does not make a person beautiful, but what influence does it have? Can I conclude that by committing an evil act, a person “falls low.”

You have read the text of the fairy tale “Warm Bread”. Is this a folk or literary fairy tale? Prove that “Warm Bread” is a literary fairy tale.

Let's test your basic knowledge. For execution test task I give you 2 minutes.

Well, now I propose that you and I follow the path to good, the path of overcoming evil as an individual, the hero of the fairy tale-parable “Warm Bread,” Filka.

How did you see the boy at the beginning of the fairy tale? What does the author say about him? Choose those words and phrases that most vividly depict it. Bring them to our dungeon.

Clarify your answer to the question: “Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?”
(This is the formula of his life. He doesn’t love anyone, he wants to brush everyone aside.)
- What bad deed does Filka commit? Does the boy realize that he did something wrong?
(“Fuck you! Devil!” Filka shouted and hit the horse in the mouth with a backhand.”
“Filka finally jumped into the hut, locked the door, and said: “Fuck you!” - and listened.”
“Fuck you! Damned,” he shouted at the mice, but the mice kept climbing out of the underground.)
- Was it a coincidence that the wind howled immediately after the inhumane act of the protagonist? What does the boy hear in this howl?
- When did Filka realize that he had committed a bad act?
Not when he offended the wounded horse, but later, when he cried over his grandmother’s story.
- How did the attitude of Pankrat and other heroes of the work towards Filka help him understand himself?
(Filka realized that something irreparable could have happened if Pankrat and other villagers had brushed him off. It turns out that you can’t live by the rule “Screw you!”
- How do we see Filka at the end of the work? Find the last phrase with his favorite expression. What changes in Filka’s soul do we learn about through the intonation with which the boy pronounces this expression? (“- Come on!” said Filka. “We, guys, will break through this kind of ice!”
- Why doesn’t Filka say this phrase at the end of the fairy tale?
- Why did the horse forgive Filka?
(Children, old people and even magpies helped Filka correct the “villainy”, but he took the first step himself: he got through the terrible frost to the mill, where he told everything to Pankrat, invented salvation from the cold. He became better, his heart was now filled with love for his neighbors and gratitude to those who had already forgiven him, therefore the horse also forgave him.)

Analysis of the description of nature.
- Please note that not only people, but also nature help the boy understand himself. She plays a very important role in this work of art. Which one? Let's figure it out.
- How did the weather change during the events taking place in the fairy tale?
At the beginning of the tale it says: “The winter was warm this year.” When Filka offended the horse, “a piercing wind whistled” and a blizzard arose. When the snowstorm subsided, “a prickly frost spread through the village.”
People began to chisel the ice near the mill, and by noon a “smooth and warm wind” began to blow. “Every hour it got warmer.” This is how the weather changed throughout the events taking place in the fairy tale.
- What paths did the author use in describing nature? (Individual assignment)
- Why does the author, after talking about Filka’s heartless act, then paint a fairy-tale landscape?

The beginning of a snowstorm is the response of the magical forces of nature to Filka’s act.
- What happened in nature after people broke the ice? Is this a fairytale or realistic landscape? (Individual assignment)
This is already a realistic landscape. The author combines fairy tale and reality in the work, because he shows the result of human actions and nature’s response to the unity of people.
- Draw a conclusion about the role played by the landscape in the fairy tale.

IV. Consolidation of what has been learned. Activation of basic knowledge in literary theory, work on the concept of “epithet”, definition of the lexical meaning of the word “warm”
- Yes, Paustovsky’s work contains both the real and the fantastic. This once again proves that “Warm Bread” is a fairy tale. Determine which events and characters are real and which are fabulous.

Of course, in the fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky showed a lot of magic. But writers do not always come up with plots; they often find them in life itself. And who knows, maybe this story actually happened, because many people commit evil. Do you agree with me?
- That's right, this fairy tale is about you and me, about the fact that people often make mistakes. What else is the fairy tale about? To answer this question, let’s think about why Konstantin Georgievich called the fairy tale “Warm Bread”.
Work on the lexical meaning of the word “warm”. Several lexical meanings of a given word are written on the board.
Heated, giving or containing heat.
Frost-free, southern.
Well protects the body from the cold.
Has heating.
Characterized by inner warmth, warming the soul, affectionate, friendly
- In what lexical meaning is the word used? warm in a phrase warm bread?
- What trope does the title of the fairy tale contain? Why did the author call bread baked by people also wonderful?
- So, what is the meaning of the title of the fairy tale?
It is no coincidence that Paustovsky calls this tale “Warm Bread”. Warm means kind, made with love. This is exactly what Paustovsky wants to emphasize in the title of his fairy tale. The bread, warmed by the warmth of Filka’s melted heart, is a kind of atonement for the boy’s guilt.

What new things did you discover during the lesson?
- Are you interested in the issues raised?
- Did our conversation make you think about your actions?
Not only people helped Filka realize his guilt, but nature with its laws showed what act the boy committed. Nature is changing all the time. How does it change? By what means is this achieved? The author gives a sound and color perception of the landscape in the story. Let's find it in the text.

V. Summing up.Generalization.

It's time to return to the epigraph and correlate the meaning of the proverb with the fairy tale-parable of K.G. Paustovsky

What thoughts do you have on this matter? (It was warm in the village, which means good people lived there. But Filka disrupted the order. Because of his anger, everything changed. Frost reigned. He walked around the village, but no one saw him. But still, Filka’s heart thawed, he also became kind. And it became warm again.)

I believe that Paustovsky’s work did not leave any of you indifferent. Ahead of you long life, each of you will enter it along your chosen path, climbing up, each on your own ladder, while doing, I hope, only good deeds. Let some of your guides be the statements of great people. Please open the envelopes lying on your desks. Let's read some statements.

1) The good that you do from the heart, you always do to yourself.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

2) To believe in goodness, you need to start doing it.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

3) The best thing about good deeds is the desire to conceal them.

Blaise Pascal

Group work. Assessment.

VI. Homework: analysis of the work “Warm Bread”

Group work.

Group 1 - Sounds (cawed, howled, whistled, birdhouses were broken, shutters slammed, rushed, rustled, a blizzard roared, the grove rustled, icicles crashed with a ringing sound, etc.).

Group 2 - Color (black water, the sky has turned green, the vault of heaven, black willows, turned gray from the cold, the sun rises crimson, on gray willows).

Group 3 - Movement (snow melted and fell, crows pushed, ice floes swirled, snow blew up, it made my throat powdery, frozen straw flew, the frost passed, etc.).

(Excerpts: 1) “A tear rolled down... they crackled, burst”

2) “On frosty days... with dark water.”

Conclusion: nature is also an image. She “takes revenge” for evil deeds in her own way, gets angry at people and rejoices with them. She lives her own life, helps people understand the beauty and harmony on Earth. Nature is like a magician. And there is also a lot of magic in Paustovsky’s fairy tale.

IV. The real and the magical in a fairy tale. Group work.

Group 1 - What do you think is real in a fairy tale?

Group 2 - What do you think is fabulous?

I suggest reading an episode of a fairy tale.

“The winter this year was warm. Smoke hung in the air. Snow fell and immediately melted. Wet crows sat on the chimneys to dry out, pushed each other, and croaked at each other. The water near the mill flume did not freeze, but stood black, quiet, and ice floes swirled in it.”

How does this description of nature make you feel? (Joy, fun, some kind of enthusiasm, kindness, peace).

I propose to glue the first petal to our flower of goodness.

Each of us does more than just good deeds. But, having done something bad, a person rethinks what he has done, regrets, worries, and repents.

“...And after this malicious shout, those amazing things happened in Berezhki...”

How can you evaluate his action? I suggest you fill out the table with new characteristics. You may have already written down some of the words. Don't be afraid if the words are repeated. This will only show that you are already aware of the problem.

So what kind of wolf is Filka feeding? Remember the parable. Guess if Filka had a choice? (He could have acted like everyone else, without refusing the horse)

- Let's read it. Literary reading of a passage.

“A tear rolled down from the horse’s eyes. The horse neighed pitifully, protractedly, waved his tail, and immediately a piercing wind howled and whistled in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, the snow blew up, and powdered Filka’s throat. Filka rushed back into the house, but could not find the porch - the snow was already so shallow all around and it was getting in his eyes. Frozen straw from the roofs flew in the wind, birdhouses broke, torn shutters slammed. And columns of snow dust rose higher and higher from the surrounding fields, rushing towards the village, rustling, spinning, overtaking each other.

The snowstorm began to subside in the evening, and only then was Filka’s grandmother able to get to her hut from her neighbor. And by night the sky turned green like ice, the stars froze to the vault of heaven, and a prickly frost passed through the village. No one saw him, but everyone heard the creak of his felt boots on the hard snow, heard how the frost, mischievously, squeezed the thick logs in the walls, and they cracked and burst.”

Why has everything changed around? (It’s all Filka’s fault. He treated the horse rudely, which everyone in the village considered it their duty to feed. Because of him, the wind rose in the village and frost hit.) Let’s fill in the table with words and phrases that characterize evil in nature. (Blizzard, frost, tears of resentment, piercing wind).

Let's imagine that we don't know the ending of the fairy tale. What wins at the end of every fairy tale? Of course, good always triumphs over evil.

Who is helping Filka correct the current situation? (Pankrat, grandma.)

What is their help? (The grandmother tells a parable about a similar case and says that only Pankrat can help. Pankrat agrees to help.)

Who remembers the parable told by the grandmother? Why did the hero of this parable die? (He died from a cold heart). His heart froze and became moldy, just like the bread he threw to the wounded soldier.

What decision does Filka make? (He decides to invent a method of “universal salvation”. First of all, he himself does not want to die, and secondly, he must save the entire village from inevitable death).

Why didn’t anyone in the village refuse to help Filka, since he offended everyone and responded rudely to everyone? (Because only in unity, only all together can people defeat evil.)

While listening to the next episode of the fairy tale, choose words for our flower.

Reading a passage.

“On frosty days the sun rises crimson, covered in heavy smoke. And this morning such a sun rose over Berezhki. The frequent clatter of crowbars could be heard on the river. The fires were crackling. The guys and old people worked from dawn, chipping ice at the mill. And no one rashly noticed that in the afternoon the sky was covered with low clouds, and a smooth and warm wind blew through the gray willows. And when they noticed that the weather had changed, the willow branches had already thawed, and the wet birch grove across the river began to rustle cheerfully and loudly. The air smelled of spring and manure. The wind was blowing from the south. It was getting warmer every hour. Icicles fell from the roofs and broke with a ringing sound.”

How does nature change after rethinking an action? Add to the image of goodness the feelings-petals that cause new changes in you.

What was the result of the common cause, common labor? (Warm bread, which helped Filka reconcile with the horse). Why does the author call bread wonderful?

For what purpose did Filka go to the horse? How did his face change? (There was a smile on his face, but at the same time tears of joy were rolling down). I propose to attach another petal to our flower of goodness ( tear of happiness)

Do you know what it's like full name Filki? After all, this form is used only in common speech. (Philip)

Did you know that Philip comes from the Greek for “lover of horses”?

Guess for what purpose Paustovsky calls the hero by this name in his fairy tale? (He anticipated a good ending in advance)

Listen to the words of A. Solzhenitsyn, the great Russian writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1970), about repentance: “Repentance is the first sure inch under the foot, from which only one can move forward not to new hatred, but to agreement. Only with repentance can spiritual growth begin.”

Which wolf still won in Filka? Was his path difficult? What are the steps on your path? spiritual growth overcame Filka? Let's follow his path together.

Test

Choose one of the answer options in the proposed tasks.

1) Why did the horse stay in the village?

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

2) What was Filka’s nickname?

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

3) What story did Grandma Filke tell?

A) About how she once offended a soldier.

B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.

B) About how the war ended.

4) What happened when Filka threw bread into the snow for the horse?

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

5) How did Filka atone for his guilt?

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) I was chopping ice with the guys at the mill.

6) Filka’s grandmother believed that the cause of the severe frost a hundred years ago was:

A) human malice

B) popular hatred

B) human rudeness

7) How did Filka make peace with the horse?

A) Asked him for forgiveness.

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots.

Key: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7B.

Purpose of the lesson:

1) analysis of the work,

2) familiarity with the concept of sin, atonement, repentance in Orthodox teaching,

3) development of students’ analytical thinking,

4) moral education.

Improve expressive reading skills,

Develop the ability to analyze, identify cause-and-effect relationships, argue one’s point of view, the ability to generalize, apply previously acquired knowledge when analyzing a work of art,

Develop students' cognitive abilities and expand their horizons.

Equipment: portrait of the writer, books of the writer, illustrations from the Holy Scriptures, multimedia projector, laptop, stereo system.

During the lesson, the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” is played.

Lesson progress

I pray and repent
And I cry again
And I renounce
From an evil deed...
A.K. Tolstoy

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcing the topic and purpose of the lesson. Introduction to the epigraph of the lesson. Remind students what an epigraph is and its purpose.

III. The teacher's introductory speech about K.G. Paustovsky.

Appendix 1 (A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen, slides illustrating his biography)

K. G. Paustovsky is a famous Russian writer. Born in 1892 in Moscow, but spent his childhood in Ukraine. His family moved from place to place several times, first to Pskov, then to Vilna, and finally settled in Kyiv. Paustovsky’s father served as a statistician in the railway department, and, according to the writer himself, the family’s frequent moves were due to his quarrelsome character.

The future writer studied at the Kyiv gymnasium, where he began to write his first works.

After graduating from high school in 1912, he entered Kiev University, the Faculty of History and Philology, then transferred to Moscow University, the Faculty of Law. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a counselor on the Moscow tram and worked on an ambulance train. In 1915, with a field medical detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus.

After the death of his two brothers, Paustovsky returned to Moscow to his mother, but after some time he left there. During this period, he worked at the Bryansk Metallurgical Plant in Yekaterinoslavl, at the Novorossiysk Metallurgical Plant in Yuzovka, at a boiler plant in Taganrog, and in a fishing cooperative on the Sea of ​​Azov. In his free time, he began to write his first story, “Romantics,” which was published only in the 1930s in Moscow. After the start of the February Revolution, he left for Moscow and began working as a reporter for newspapers, witnessing all the events in Moscow during the days of the October Revolution.

During civil war served in the Red Army in a guard regiment. Subsequently, he moved to Kyiv, traveled a lot around the south of Russia, lived for two years in Odessa, working for the newspaper “Moryak”. From Odessa, Paustovsky left for the Caucasus, living in Sukhumi, Batumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, and Baku.

In 1923 Paustovsky returned to Moscow. He worked as an editor at ROSTA for several years and began publishing. His first collection of short stories was published in 1928. In the 1930s, Paustovsky actively worked as a journalist for the Pravda newspaper and the magazines 30 Days, Our Achievements and others, and traveled widely around the country. Many of the impressions from these trips were embodied in works of art.

During the Great Patriotic War Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent on the Southern Front and wrote stories.

In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and Tarusa-on-Oka. Awarded the Order of Lenin, other orders and a medal.

Konstantin Georgievich spent the last years of his life in the city of Tarusa, which he loved with all his soul. May 30, 1967 K.G. Paustovsky was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Tarusa." And this is well deserved. Paustovsky fell in love with Tarusa and fought for its preservation and development. K.G. was buried. Paustovsky at the local cemetery on the outskirts of the city above the steep bank of the Taruska River.

Russia saw off Paustovsky
to the quiet final threshold.
The rains were falling slantingly,
washed the long road.
Wide, far, in quiet grief
The day was dull, gray and light brown.
On the high Oka slope
buried Paustovsky Tarus.

Konstantin Georgievich is an adult writer. His novels and stories brought light, joy and hope into our harsh lives. The writer did not forget about children, having composed several fairy tales for them: “The Disheveled Sparrow”, “The Steel Ring”, “The Dense Bear”, “Warm Bread”, etc.

These works are not quite like fairy tales. Since the events described in them are very life-like, real. But each tale contains deep thoughts that confirm the power of the word, strengthening our spirit and the wisdom of the Christian commandments.

Konstantin Georgievich lived in a time when the very word God, the laws of God were banned, temples were destroyed, sacred books were destroyed. To convey to readers the wisdom of Christ's commandments, the writer resorted to the form of parables, calling them fairy tales.

IV. Vocabulary work: let's remember what a parable is? (A condensed, short instructive story - edification). Write down the definition in your literature notebook.

V. Working with the text of a fairy tale. Reading with commentary. Conversation on questions about the content of the fairy tale.

How can you compositionally define this part of the tale? That's right, the introduction, which introduces us to the situation, introduces us to the circumstances that preceded the main event.

2) What did we learn about the horse and Pankrat?

A) What did we learn about Filka?

B) Did you like the boy?

Q) Why is he like this and why is he called Filka, and not Filey or Filipp?

D) Why does he live not with his grandmother, but with his grandmother?

D) Where are his parents?

E) How do the old and young manage without help?

G) What feelings does Filka make you feel?

VI. Working with landscape. What picture of winter does the author paint? Which poem does it remind you of? (A. Pushkin “October has already arrived...”)

VII. What once happened in Berezhki? Read the episode from the words: “On one of those warm gray days...” to the words “You won’t get enough of Christ-loving people...”.

VIII. Anadiz of the read episode. What did Filka do in this episode? Sin. An evil, cruel thing. He offended the wounded horse, which lived thanks to the mercy of people. He committed a vile act. These words reek of such malice that it will inevitably lead to disaster.

IX. What disaster happened in Berezhki? (Retell the episode: amazing things in Berezhki).

X. Why does the whole village pay for the evil deed of one boy?

XI. What life lesson did Grandma tell Filka? Why did the grandmother tell her grandson the story with the man and the soldier? Did she guess that Filka had done evil?

XII. What can you call this story that happened a hundred years ago? Right, parable. It is in the form of a parable, following Jesus Christ, that people pass on their life experiences from generation to generation and teach children life lessons.

XIII. Did Filka take his grandmother's lesson? Did you understand that you had committed a very bad act and that you needed to somehow correct what you had done? What do you think about the grandmother’s parable made the greatest impression on him?

XIV. Teacher's word. Filka was overcome by fear. Adam and Eve were also once afraid of what they had done and decided to hide from God, because they were overcome by fear and shame. Our little sinner does the same. Don't you, when you do something unpleasant, try to hide what you did? But God, your conscience, is omnipresent. His voice rings in your heart. And the longer you hide your sin, the more bitter the retribution will be later and the more difficult it will be to overcome fear and shame.

Physical exercise. Indeed, every person has an invisible part - the soul, and a visible part - the body.

Let's check if our body is in place. Stand up straight. Raise your heads up. Now we tilt our heads to our shoulders and rotate our heads. Well done! Everyone has a head on their shoulders! We raise our shoulders up. Now let's straighten our back, bring our shoulder blades together, imagine that we are holding a walnut with our shoulder blades and crack it. So, are everyone's backs straight? Well done! Let's check if our hands are in place. They raised them up and lowered them. We do rotations with our hands. We clench and unclench our fingers. Let's feel our feet. We do squats. Well done! Everyone's body is in place. Sit down.

Teacher: And we continue the conversation about what happened to the hero of the fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky.

XV. What is going on in the soul of Filka, who is hiding under his sheepskin coat on the stove? We read the episode from the words “At night he climbed down from the stove...” to the words “.. Pankrat opened the door, grabbed Filka by the collar and dragged him into the hut.”

XVI. Select keywords in a paragraph describing the boy's condition on the way to the mill. (The air was blue, terrible; the air was frozen; black willows; the air pricked the chest; the wounded horse walked heavily, neighed and kicked with its hoof). Our hero’s path to repentance is long and complicated.

XVII. What happens next? Was Filka sincerely ashamed of what he had done? (Yes. He not only regrets his cruelty, but is also ready to take the blame for the misfortune that happened.) Why doesn’t what happens in ordinary life happen in K. Paustovsky’s fairy tale, when your mother or grandmother forgives you for your tricks?

XVIII. Teacher's word. How Filka atoned for his sin, you will finish reading at home. And now we will try to imagine what kind of work the human soul does on the path to repentance, the atonement of sin. This path is like a ladder, and each step clears the conscience, cleanses it from the oppression of guilt. Appendix 1 (The entire subsequent story of the teacher is illustrated with slides on the screen).

The very first step is awareness one’s sin, shame for an unrighteous deed (as well as a word or even a thought, intention). You must deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

The second stage, which is very difficult to climb, since it will require a lot of willpower, is overcoming fear of punishment and shame in front of people who find out about your offense.

The next, even more difficult step is sincere repentance and repentance in front of those whom you have offended, this is not easy, since you need to humble your pride and self-pity. It may seem like you are humiliating yourself. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, in front of your conscience. By sincere repentance you perform a great act of spiritual cleansing - and you feel light and happy.

However, not everyone and not always manages to rise to the fourth step of repentance - atonement, correction of sin. Evil things are done thoughtlessly, easily and quickly, but evil can only be corrected with great difficulty.

Fifth, highest level thanks for the lesson. Who should we thank and how? Think about it at home and write the answer in your literature notebook.

XIX. Lesson summary: What lesson did you learn for yourself from K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”? What does this fairy tale teach us? What is her wisdom?

Words can cry and laugh.
Command, pray and conjure.
And, like a heart, it bleeds,
And breathe the cold indifferently.
A call to become, and a response, and a call
The word is capable of changing its tune.
And they curse and swear by word,
They admonish, glorify, and denigrate.

This is how the poet Ya. Kozlovsky wrote about the power of words and bad deeds.

An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better to never do evil to anyone. And, most importantly, use your words carefully. The Lord has endowed all people with the gift of speech. Thanks to this gift, we can communicate, understand each other, negotiate with each other, and learn everything good and useful. But the sinful nature of man pushes him to pervert the beauty of speech. And then the word turns from a good helper, a healer, into an enemy. A word can wound and even kill, like a bullet or a knife. And therefore it must be handled carefully and thoughtfully. And do as you would like to be treated.

“The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them, with a word you can serve love, but with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. Beware of such words that separate people,” the great Leo Tolstoy teaches us.

You cannot be indifferent, you cannot give up in the face of evil. To fight it with the only weapon available to us - the word. All Russian literature, since antiquity, has been imbued with the ideas and traditions of Orthodoxy and is based on biblical and evangelical teachings. It is in Orthodoxy that freedom of choice has triumphed: a person himself chooses the path of righteousness or sin, but, having sinned, he can overcome his sin through spiritual effort and moral struggle. A person cannot predict what his actions will lead to. But still he must act rationally and morally. No wonder the Epicureans said: “To be happy, you need to have a healthy body and a clear conscience. Any doctor will tell you how to have a healthy body, but what about conscience: Don’t commit crimes, and you won’t be tormented by remorse.”

I want to end my lesson with the wonderful words of the poet N. Rylenkov:

For a good word
No need to skimp.
Say this word -
What to give to drink.
With an offensive word
There's no need to rush
So that tomorrow
Don't be ashamed of yourself.

Giving marks to actively working students

References

1. M. Aliger, “Collection of poems”, Moscow, Enlightenment, 1975
2. I. M. Bondarenko Taganrog in literature. Taganrog, Lukomorye, 2007.
3. Wikipedia.
4. S.F.Ivanova “Introduction to the Temple of the Word”, “Father’s House”, Moscow, 2006.

Topic: The main problem of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky’s work “Warm Bread” is the problem of kindness.

Goals:

Metasubject:

Develop personal learning skills: understanding the actions of the heroes, accepting the right ones life values, the ability to analyze one’s actions and actions.

Develop communication skills: the ability to express one’s point of view and justify it; build communication with the class, teacher, ability to work in a group.

Form cognitive educational activities: be able to select material for work from a literary text; draw conclusions from what you hear and read.

Form regulatory management systems: be able to set a goal, formulate it, evaluate the results of your educational activities, reflect.

Subject goals:

Improve the skills of analyzing a literary text from the point of view of using means of speech expression;

Improve expressive reading skills;

Expand knowledge about the real and fantastic (fictional) in a literary text.

Lesson type: learning new material and consolidating knowledge.

Equipment: textbook by V. Ya. Korovina, V. P. Zhuravlev, V.I. Korovina. Literature 5th grade in two parts, multimedia projector, use of ICT, computer presentation.

Forms of work: frontal, individual.

U: In the last lesson, we got acquainted with the biography of the writer Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky and worked on his work “Warm Bread”. Today we will continue this work with you.

First, let's remember the content of this work

To remember, answer the test questions

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

3) What story did Grandma Filke tell? ?

A) About how she once offended a soldier.

B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.

B) About how the war ended.

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) I was chopping ice with the guys at the mill.

A) About the fact that she woke up the summer wind.

B) About the fact that Filka - bad person. B) About the fact that she is the smartest.

A) In the evening.

B) She is broken forever.

B) In the summer, when it got warmer.

? A) Asked him for forgiveness

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots.

Examination. Answers: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7A, 8B,

U.Look at the topic of today's lesson. What are we going to talk about today? Pay attention to each word that is key. (The main problem of the work is) We will talk about the main problem of the work and the genre of the work. Let's start with the genre.

What is the genre?

What kind of fairy tale is this work?

I conducted a little research work on this issue... (Student’s speech The author is a specific person - the writer The work exists in written form A fairy tale has only one version)

Let's move on to the next keyword. Let's talk about the main problem of the fairy tale. But first, let's define it. Before you give your answer, listen to the song carefully. (Song “The Road of Good”)

So what is it main problem fairy tales "Warm Bread" (The Problem of Kindness)

Teacher: Let's, guys, remember the types of fairy tales (a fairy tale, a fairy tale about animals, a social fairy tale).

Teacher: What type of fairy tale “Warm Bread” is? (Social and everyday fairy tale)

Teacher: Okay. Types of fairy tales remembered. Since this is a social fairy tale, the main characters of such a fairy tale are people. The actions of which hero in this work reveal the problem of kindness? (Filka) It is which heroes help to reveal it more deeply. Compose on the board cluster(Filka, horse, grandmother, Pankrat, residents of Berezhki)

Where does the main action begin, where does the conflict begin? (F. offended the horse) Continue

How does Filka do this? (The story of F. Pankrat’s visit and his further actions)

WORKING ON THE FAIRY TALE FINALE.

1. Expressive reading of a passage (4 people)

- - Guys, is it hard to ask for forgiveness, to forgive?

- Was it easy for Filka to do this?

Did the horse forgive Filka?

Leo Tolstoy has an expression: “To believe in good, you need to start doing it.” Warmth warms hearts, so Filka’s cold heart thawed. The main thing is that Filka understood that only goodness makes a person happy.

But for this, Filka had to go through a long and difficult path.

---- Has Filka changed?

!!! (Yes, he became kinder, more responsible, learned to worry about all the village residents, to live in peace with them).

In front of you are the prepared parts of the tables, which we will now need to fill out on the board. Attach your workpiece to the required column. (Fuck you - Filka, ignorant, evil, harmful,: love, sensitivity, kindness, cordiality, responsiveness, mercy, care, help, humanity, cruel,.. silent. Incredulous active,)

It’s good that Filka realized what his rudeness had done and was ready to correct the evil he had committed. He had a difficult task ahead of him - to invent an escape from the cold, but the boy coped with it.

Filka found salvation, made peace with the horse, and the evil retreated. No matter how difficult the boy’s struggle with himself was, he correctly understood that the roots of evil always sit inside a person and guide his words and actions. I think the horse taught the boy a good lesson, and Filka will now be much kinder and more attentive to himself and others

So, guys, what won in the fairy tale: good or evil?

An evil deed must be corrected, but it is better to never do evil to anyone

You need to be kind and sympathetic.

: Do not cause harm or offense to others.

: Be responsible for your actions and words.

: Don’t be afraid to ask for forgiveness, forgive

a child's heart should not become cold,

We must do everything together

Do good deeds

We must be merciful and kind.

Popular wisdom has long warned us about the consequences of such actions. We have many proverbs that we could correlate with the actions of the heroes of this fairy tale. Choose those that you think relate to the topic of today's lesson.

What goes around comes around.

Time for business, time for fun.

Greeted by clothes, escorted by intelligence

Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

The ability to forgive is a characteristic of the strong. The weak never forgive.

6. There is nothing more courageous than conquering yourself

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?
.

Learning to truly be kind is difficult. The path to kindness is not easy, a long path on which a person faces ups and downs, ups and downs. Therefore, a person should stop more often and reflect on his committed actions. Every person, big and small, has their own path to Kindness. Filka walked his way to Kindness. He realized his own actions and corrected them himself. We see how Filka has changed. And he came to such actions himself, realizing everything he had done.

--In front of you are cards and colored pencils, give a color description of the characters. The song of Leopold the cat is playing

Fuck you

Fill out the self-control cards.

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

Why is the fairy tale about Filka and the horse called “Warm Bread”? (Bread reconciled Filka and the horse).

Work on the lexical meaning of the word “warm”. Several lexical meanings of this word are written on the board (there are 7 in total).

Heated, giving or containing heat.

Frost-free, southern.

Well protects the body from the cold.

Has heating.

Characterized by inner warmth, warming the soul,

In what meaning is the word “warm” used in the title of the fairy tale?

CONCLUSION: Warm bread is not only the gift that the “corrected” Filka gives to the wounded horse, but also the bread that fed the entire village. This is a certain symbol of changed relationships between people.

There are many evil ones

In any human destiny.

And they will only say a kind word -

And your heart is lighter.

But such a kind word

Not everyone knows how to find

To cope with a friend's sadness,

You can overcome adversity along the way.

There is no kind word more valuable

The cherished word of that

But rarely, my friends, still

We say it out loud.

VI .Homework.

Miniature essay “What did K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” make me think about?

Solving the crossword puzzle

Questions

Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filka? (Unkindness).

What was Filka’s cry when he threw the bread far into the loose snow? (Malevolent)

(Cruelty)

(Kindness)

Questions

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Fuck you

Last name, first name

Fuck you

Last name, first name

Color characteristics of heroes

Fuck you

_____________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Color characteristics of heroes

Fuck you

.

______________________________________________________________

.

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among good people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________harmful

Love

Sensitivity

kindness

cordiality

responsiveness

mercy

care

help

humanity

cruel

silent

Distrustful

Fuck you

Filka

Ignorant

Wicked

What kind of fairy tale is this work? Prove.

Retell grandma's story

(A story about Filka’s visit to Pankrat and his further actions)

Types of fairy tales

Why did Filka decide to go to Grandfather Pankrat?

Did Filka change at the end of the fairy tale? How?

What does this work teach us?

View document contents
"application"

Questions

What was the name of the main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filka? .

What was Filka’s cry when he threw the bread far into the loose snow?)

What character trait was dominant in the boy at the beginning of the fairy tale?

When the grandmother told Filka a story that happened 100 years ago, what did the boy feel?

What did Filka want to hear from the miller Pankrat when he came to him on a frosty night?

What did the boy receive from the villagers for his determination to admit his mistake?

How do you feel in your heart after doing a good deed?

What did Filka bring to the horse along with the warm bread?

What settled in Filka’s heart at the end of the fairy tale?

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

Color characteristics of heroes

Fuck you

___________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

harmful

Love

Sensitivity

kindness

cordiality

responsiveness

mercy care help humanity cruel silent

Distrustful Fuck you

Filka

Ignorant Evil

View presentation content
"abstract"

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

• 1) Why did the horse stay in the village?

A) He was wounded.

• B) Pankrat wanted it that way.
• B) The horse did not want to go further.

• 2) What was Filka’s nickname?

A) “I don’t know anything.”

• B) “Fuck you!”
• C) “You are all smart.”

• 3 ) What story did Grandma Filke tell? ?
• A) About how she once offended a soldier.
• B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.
• B) About how the war ended.

• 4) What happened when Filka threw bread into the snow for the horse?

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake .

• 5) How did Filka atone for his guilt? A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) Chopped ice with the guys at the mill .

• 6) What was the magpie talking about over the dam? A) About the fact that she woke up the summer wind.

B) About the fact that Filka is a bad person. B) About the fact that she is the smartest.

• 7) When did the mill start working? A) In the evening.

B) She is broken forever.

B) In the summer, when it got warmer .

• 8) How Filka made peace with his horse ? A) He brought him some hay.

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots .

Lesson topic

Home problem works

problem …..

Lesson topic

Home problem works

Lesson topic

Home problem works Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “Warm bread” - the problem…..

Lesson topic

Home product problem Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “Warm Bread” - problem kindness .

Kindness - responsiveness, spiritual disposition towards all living things, the desire to do good to others.

Ozhegov's Dictionary

Horse Boy

Residents of Berezhki

grandma

Pankrat

Filka

Sins of Filka. Continue the sentences

1) called names(horse) 2) hit 3) threw the bread 4) didn't share With

Sins of Filka.

1) called names(horse)

“devil”, “Christ-eater”;

2) hit

on the lips

3) threw the bread

in the snow, i.e. to the ground ;

4) didn't share

with the hungry and needy

• - Is it possible to change evil?
• - When did Filka realize that he was evil and cruel?

• - What do you think Filka was thinking about while listening to his grandmother?

• - How did the boy behave?

• Why did the evil man die?

• What happened to Filka after her grandmother’s story?

It is very easy to commit evil, but only a few can repent and atone for their guilt.

How does Filka do this?

"To believe in good , we need to start doing it.”

L.N. Tolstoy

Has Filka changed?

“Fuck you” “Filka”

Eternal struggle good And evil .

What does K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale teach?

“ Warm bread”?

1. What goes around comes around.

2. Time for business, time for fun.

3 Greeted by clothes, escorted by intelligence

4 .

6 .

. What goes around comes around.

. Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

. The ability to forgive is a characteristic of the strong. The weak never forgive.

. There is nothing more courageous than conquering yourself

• A good person is one who does not know how to do evil .

• A person becomes kind only among kind people.

• An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

• An angry person harms himself first of all.

You must be able to forgive mistakes, because everyone can make mistakes …

We must treat people kindly. And then life will become easier and more interesting. You have to do good, and if you make a mistake, you shouldn’t be afraid to repent and correct the mistake.

.

• Horse
• Fuck you
• Filka
• Pankrat

Before you are cards and colored pencils, give color characteristics to the characters .

• Horse
• Fuck you
• Filka
• Pankrat

Homework

1. Essay – miniature

« What did the fairy tale make me think about?

K. G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread” ».

2.Crossword

The magpie flew to the warm sea, woke up the summer wind, begged it to fly to the village and bring warmth...

Meaning of the word warm according to the dictionary :

A) giving or containing heat;

B) protecting the body from the cold (warm sweater);

C) retains heat well (warm room)

D) characterized by internal warmth,

warming the soul, affectionate, welcoming .

Purpose of the lesson:

1) analysis of the work,

2) familiarity with the concept of sin, atonement, repentance in Orthodox teaching,

3) development of students’ analytical thinking,

4) moral education.

Improve expressive reading skills,

Develop the ability to analyze, identify cause-and-effect relationships, argue one’s point of view, the ability to generalize, apply previously acquired knowledge when analyzing a work of art,

Develop students' cognitive abilities and expand their horizons.

Equipment: portrait of the writer, books of the writer, illustrations from the Holy Scriptures, multimedia projector, laptop, stereo system.

During the lesson, the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” is played.

Lesson progress

I pray and repent
And I cry again
And I renounce
From an evil deed...
A.K. Tolstoy

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcing the topic and purpose of the lesson. Introduction to the epigraph of the lesson. Remind students what an epigraph is and its purpose.

III. The teacher's introductory speech about K.G. Paustovsky.

Appendix 1 (A portrait of the writer is projected on the screen, slides illustrating his biography)

K. G. Paustovsky is a famous Russian writer. Born in 1892 in Moscow, but spent his childhood in Ukraine. His family moved from place to place several times, first to Pskov, then to Vilna, and finally settled in Kyiv. Paustovsky’s father served as a statistician in the railway department, and, according to the writer himself, the family’s frequent moves were due to his quarrelsome character.

The future writer studied at the Kyiv gymnasium, where he began to write his first works.

After graduating from high school in 1912, he entered Kiev University, the Faculty of History and Philology, then transferred to Moscow University, the Faculty of Law. The First World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a counselor on the Moscow tram and worked on an ambulance train. In 1915, with a field medical detachment, he retreated along with the Russian army across Poland and Belarus.

After the death of his two brothers, Paustovsky returned to Moscow to his mother, but after some time he left there. During this period, he worked at the Bryansk Metallurgical Plant in Yekaterinoslavl, at the Novorossiysk Metallurgical Plant in Yuzovka, at a boiler plant in Taganrog, and in a fishing cooperative on the Sea of ​​Azov. In his free time, he began to write his first story, “Romantics,” which was published only in the 1930s in Moscow. After the start of the February Revolution, he left for Moscow and began working as a reporter for newspapers, witnessing all the events in Moscow during the days of the October Revolution.

During the Civil War he served in the Red Army in a guard regiment. Subsequently, he moved to Kyiv, traveled a lot around the south of Russia, lived for two years in Odessa, working for the newspaper “Moryak”. From Odessa, Paustovsky left for the Caucasus, living in Sukhumi, Batumi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, and Baku.

In 1923 Paustovsky returned to Moscow. He worked as an editor at ROSTA for several years and began publishing. His first collection of short stories was published in 1928. In the 1930s, Paustovsky actively worked as a journalist for the Pravda newspaper and the magazines 30 Days, Our Achievements and others, and traveled widely around the country. Many of the impressions from these trips were embodied in works of art.

During the Great Patriotic War, Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent on the Southern Front and wrote stories.

In the 1950s, Paustovsky lived in Moscow and Tarusa-on-Oka. Awarded the Order of Lenin, other orders and a medal.

Konstantin Georgievich spent the last years of his life in the city of Tarusa, which he loved with all his soul. May 30, 1967 K.G. Paustovsky was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the City of Tarusa." And this is well deserved. Paustovsky fell in love with Tarusa and fought for its preservation and development. K.G. was buried. Paustovsky at the local cemetery on the outskirts of the city above the steep bank of the Taruska River.

Russia saw off Paustovsky
to the quiet final threshold.
The rains were falling slantingly,
washed the long road.
Wide, far, in quiet grief
The day was dull, gray and light brown.
On the high Oka slope
buried Paustovsky Tarus.

Konstantin Georgievich is an adult writer. His novels and stories brought light, joy and hope into our harsh lives. The writer did not forget about children, having composed several fairy tales for them: “The Disheveled Sparrow”, “The Steel Ring”, “The Dense Bear”, “Warm Bread”, etc.

These works are not quite like fairy tales. Since the events described in them are very life-like, real. But each tale contains deep thoughts that confirm the power of the word, strengthening our spirit and the wisdom of the Christian commandments.

Konstantin Georgievich lived in a time when the very word God, the laws of God were banned, temples were destroyed, sacred books were destroyed. To convey to readers the wisdom of Christ's commandments, the writer resorted to the form of parables, calling them fairy tales.

IV. Vocabulary work: let's remember what a parable is? (A condensed, short instructive story - edification). Write down the definition in your literature notebook.

V. Working with the text of a fairy tale. Reading with commentary. Conversation on questions about the content of the fairy tale.

How can you compositionally define this part of the tale? That's right, the introduction, which introduces us to the situation, introduces us to the circumstances that preceded the main event.

2) What did we learn about the horse and Pankrat?

A) What did we learn about Filka?

B) Did you like the boy?

Q) Why is he like this and why is he called Filka, and not Filey or Filipp?

D) Why does he live not with his grandmother, but with his grandmother?

D) Where are his parents?

E) How do the old and young manage without help?

G) What feelings does Filka make you feel?

VI. Working with landscape. What picture of winter does the author paint? Which poem does it remind you of? (A. Pushkin “October has already arrived...”)

VII. What once happened in Berezhki? Read the episode from the words: “On one of those warm gray days...” to the words “You won’t get enough of Christ-loving people...”.

VIII. Anadiz of the read episode. What did Filka do in this episode? Sin. An evil, cruel thing. He offended the wounded horse, which lived thanks to the mercy of people. He committed a vile act. These words reek of such malice that it will inevitably lead to disaster.

IX. What disaster happened in Berezhki? (Retell the episode: amazing things in Berezhki).

X. Why does the whole village pay for the evil deed of one boy?

XI. What life lesson did Grandma tell Filka? Why did the grandmother tell her grandson the story with the man and the soldier? Did she guess that Filka had done evil?

XII. What can you call this story that happened a hundred years ago? Right, parable. It is in the form of a parable, following Jesus Christ, that people pass on their life experiences from generation to generation and teach children life lessons.

XIII. Did Filka take his grandmother's lesson? Did you understand that you had committed a very bad act and that you needed to somehow correct what you had done? What do you think about the grandmother’s parable made the greatest impression on him?

XIV. Teacher's word. Filka was overcome by fear. Adam and Eve were also once afraid of what they had done and decided to hide from God, because they were overcome by fear and shame. Our little sinner does the same. Don't you, when you do something unpleasant, try to hide what you did? But God, your conscience, is omnipresent. His voice rings in your heart. And the longer you hide your sin, the more bitter the retribution will be later and the more difficult it will be to overcome fear and shame.

Physical exercise. Indeed, every person has an invisible part - the soul, and a visible part - the body.

Let's check if our body is in place. Stand up straight. Raise your heads up. Now we tilt our heads to our shoulders and rotate our heads. Well done! Everyone has a head on their shoulders! We raise our shoulders up. Now let's straighten our back, bring our shoulder blades together, imagine that we are holding a walnut with our shoulder blades and crack it. So, are everyone's backs straight? Well done! Let's check if our hands are in place. They raised them up and lowered them. We do rotations with our hands. We clench and unclench our fingers. Let's feel our feet. We do squats. Well done! Everyone's body is in place. Sit down.

Teacher: And we continue the conversation about what happened to the hero of the fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky.

XV. What is going on in the soul of Filka, who is hiding under his sheepskin coat on the stove? We read the episode from the words “At night he climbed down from the stove...” to the words “.. Pankrat opened the door, grabbed Filka by the collar and dragged him into the hut.”

XVI. Highlight Keywords in a paragraph describing the boy's condition on the way to the mill. (The air was blue, terrible; the air was frozen; black willows; the air pricked the chest; the wounded horse walked heavily, neighed and kicked with its hoof). Our hero’s path to repentance is long and complicated.

XVII. What happens next? Was Filka sincerely ashamed of what he had done? (Yes. He not only regrets his cruelty, but is also ready to take the blame for the misfortune that happened.) Why doesn’t what happens in ordinary life happen in K. Paustovsky’s fairy tale, when your mother or grandmother forgives you for your tricks?

XVIII. Teacher's word. How Filka atoned for his sin, you will finish reading at home. And now we will try to imagine what kind of work the human soul does on the path to repentance, the atonement of sin. This path is like a ladder, and each step clears the conscience, cleanses it from the oppression of guilt. Appendix 1 (The entire subsequent story of the teacher is illustrated with slides on the screen).

The very first step is awareness one’s sin, shame for an unrighteous deed (as well as a word or even a thought, intention). You must deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

The second stage, which is very difficult to climb, since it will require a lot of willpower, is overcoming fear of punishment and shame in front of people who find out about your offense.

The next, even more difficult step is sincere repentance and repentance in front of those whom you have offended, this is not easy, since you need to humble your pride and self-pity. It may seem like you are humiliating yourself. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, in front of your conscience. By sincere repentance you perform a great act of spiritual cleansing - and you feel light and happy.

However, not everyone and not always manages to rise to the fourth step of repentance - atonement, correction of sin. Evil things are done thoughtlessly, easily and quickly, but evil can only be corrected with great difficulty.

Fifth, highest level thanks for the lesson. Who should we thank and how? Think about it at home and write the answer in your literature notebook.

XIX. Lesson summary: What lesson did you learn for yourself from K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”? What does this fairy tale teach us? What is her wisdom?

Words can cry and laugh.
Command, pray and conjure.
And, like a heart, it bleeds,
And breathe the cold indifferently.
A call to become, and a response, and a call
The word is capable of changing its tune.
And they curse and swear by word,
They admonish, glorify, and denigrate.

This is how the poet Ya. Kozlovsky wrote about the power of words and bad deeds.

An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better to never do evil to anyone. And, most importantly, use your words carefully. The Lord has endowed all people with the gift of speech. Thanks to this gift, we can communicate, understand each other, negotiate with each other, and learn everything good and useful. But the sinful nature of man pushes him to pervert the beauty of speech. And then the word turns from a good helper, a healer, into an enemy. A word can wound and even kill, like a bullet or a knife. And therefore it must be handled carefully and thoughtfully. And do as you would like to be treated.

“The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them, with a word you can serve love, but with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. Beware of such words that separate people,” the great Leo Tolstoy teaches us.

You cannot be indifferent, you cannot give up in the face of evil. To fight it with the only weapon available to us - the word. All Russian literature, since antiquity, has been imbued with the ideas and traditions of Orthodoxy and is based on biblical and evangelical teachings. It is in Orthodoxy that freedom of choice has triumphed: a person himself chooses the path of righteousness or sin, but, having sinned, he can overcome his sin through spiritual effort and moral struggle. A person cannot predict what his actions will lead to. But still he must act rationally and morally. No wonder the Epicureans said: “To be happy, you need to have a healthy body and a clear conscience. Any doctor will tell you how to have a healthy body, but what about conscience: Don’t commit crimes, and you won’t be tormented by remorse.”

I want to end my lesson with the wonderful words of the poet N. Rylenkov:

For a good word
No need to skimp.
Say this word -
What to give to drink.
With an offensive word
There's no need to rush
So that tomorrow
Don't be ashamed of yourself.

Giving marks to actively working students

References

1. M. Aliger, “Collection of poems”, Moscow, Enlightenment, 1975
2. I. M. Bondarenko Taganrog in literature. Taganrog, Lukomorye, 2007.
3. Wikipedia.
4. S.F.Ivanova “Introduction to the Temple of the Word”, “Father’s House”, Moscow, 2006.

The work “Warm Bread” was written by Konstantin Paustovsky in 1954, when 9 years had already passed since the war ended. This amazing story, where good opposes evil, really appealed to young readers, and adults, of course, too. The famous magazine "Murzilka" published the work, and almost twenty years later, television viewers could enjoy a short cartoon based on the fairy tale. An analysis of the work “Warm Bread” will also be useful for you if you are planning to write an essay on this topic in grade 5.

What is the short story “Warm Bread” about?

First, we will briefly discuss what topic Konstantin Paustovsky raises and what he encourages readers to think about, then we will look at the plot and the main characters, and we will also see how Filka offends the horse. The story “Warm Bread” reveals the theme of love and generosity, while at the same time drawing attention to an indifferent person. Is it possible to eliminate the consequences of the evil committed, show mercy and forgive from the heart? Events of the present and past are connected by a single thread, the author writes about people and animals, about guilt and redemption.

An analysis of the story “Warm Bread” would be incomplete without considering the plot. Paustovsky paints a simple village during the war. There is a catastrophic shortage of food, the peasants have a hard life, they have to work very hard, not sparing themselves. The old miller Pankrat had the opportunity to shelter a crippled animal. It was a horse that accidentally ended up in Berezhki, and now it was necessary to somehow support it, but Pankrat already did not have enough food.

Heroes of the story "Warm Bread"

When preparing an essay for grade 5 based on the story “Warm Bread” by Paustovsky, pay attention to the image of Filka. This is a teenager who lives with his grandmother, and he is very heartless, full of anger, mistrust and callousness. When friends turn to him for help, he refuses them, and he does not like either people or animals.

When his grandmother talks to Filka, he suddenly realizes how cruelly he acted and what the consequences may now be. After reflection, he finds the best way out of the situation and admits his mistake. Now we see a different side to this character: he is hardworking, smart, organized and ready to correct the consequences of his rash actions for the benefit of others. You can already trust Filka.

However, analysis of the story “Warm Bread” also shows the image of another character, which we have already mentioned. This is the old miller Pankrat. His image is mysterious, because he not only cured the horse, but also showed amazing qualities. When Filka goes to atone for his guilt, Pankrat does not interfere with him and does not hold a grudge against him, realizing that each person has his own positive qualities, and one must believe in a person.

Other analysis details

The events in the story “Warm Bread” strictly follow one another; Paustovsky, as it were, guides the reader, gradually revealing the characters’ characters, and shows what motivates them. Of course, the story contains fairy-tale motifs that are skillfully intertwined with real events. This creates a unified composition. It is interesting that with the help of outdated figures of speech and folklore expressions the narrative takes on special colors and looks very unique.

In our analysis of “Warm Bread” we will definitely emphasize the essence of the author’s idea. A person is characterized by spiritual generosity, compassion and responsiveness. When a person acts kindly, kindness returns to him, and an indifferent attitude towards others entails troubles and evil. In addition, if you realize your mistake in time and are ready to correct yourself, this will definitely change the situation and find a response in the hearts of others.

We hope that the analysis of the story “Warm Bread” will be useful to you. We looked at the summary of the work, the image of the main characters and the author’s idea that he wanted to convey to readers. If you write an essay on the story “Warm Bread” by Paustovsky, be sure to include these thoughts.

The main characters of the story “Warm Bread” by Konstantin Paustovsky are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, a cavalry horse, he was wounded in the leg and was left in the village, with the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed his horse, and the horse often wandered around the village in search of food.

One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.

The horse neighed in fear, waved its tail, and at that moment a blizzard began. The snowstorm was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the snowstorm subsided. After the snowstorm, it became sharply cold, and my grandmother was worried that because of the frost there would be famine in the village.

She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One man did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw the bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, left the house, whistled and a severe frost fell on the village.

Filka, realizing that his rudeness to the horse had caused the frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. That's what Filka did. He came to the miller and told him how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to correct the situation, because the frost froze the water, the mill stopped, and he could not grind flour.

Filka thought and said that he would persuade the guys to go out to the pond with crowbars to break up the ice. This conversation was heard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's entryway. The magpie flew away somewhere unnoticed.

The next day, the village boys went out to break the ice. Old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how the warm southern wind began to blow. By evening the ice cracked and water poured onto the mill wheel.

In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows didn't believe her.

Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted residents lit the stoves and began baking bread from flour.

In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller calmed him down. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy’s hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka’s shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.

This is the summary of the tale.

The main idea of ​​Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” is that one should not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers by sending in a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped correct the situation.

The fairy tale teaches us to be kind to both people and animals, and not to offend anyone needlessly.

In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, who went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape from the frost.

What proverbs fit Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

When doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in the extreme cold.
Even an old lady can’t live without the edge.
For a great cause - great help.

“Warm Bread” is very little like a fairy tale, because the village of Berezhki, and the main character - the boy Filka, and the wise old miller Pankrat could exist in reality. And the terrible snowstorm and bitter frost, caused by Filka’s rude and thoughtless act, could well have turned out to be an ordinary coincidence. Ordinary - but not quite.

What is this strange tale about? The old miller Pankrat cured a war horse wounded in the leg, which was left in the village by passing cavalrymen. The horse, in turn, patiently helped the miller repair the dam - it was winter, people were running out of flour, so it was necessary to repair the mill as soon as possible.

Filka’s grandmother told the quiet and frightened boy that the same severe frost fell on the village a hundred years ago, when an evil man undeservedly and bitterly offended an old crippled soldier. After that frost, the earth turned into a desert for ten years - the gardens did not bloom, the forests dried up, animals and birds hid and fled. And the evil man died “from a cold heart.”

Filka’s heart ached from the consciousness of his guilt, the boy realized that only he could correct the mistake he had made, but he did not know how. Grandmother was sure that Pankrat should know about this, because “he is a cunning old man, a scientist.”

At night, not afraid of the biting frost, Filka ran to the miller, and he advised him to “invent salvation from the cold.” Then the guilt both before the horse and before the people will be smoothed over, and Filka will again become a “pure person.” The boy thought and thought and came up with the idea of ​​gathering guys from all over the village with axes and crowbars the next morning to break the ice on the river near the mill until water appears. That's what they did. At dawn, people from all over the village gathered to help the guys, Filka apologized to them as best he could, and everyone got to work. Soon it became warmer, things began to move faster, and people reached the water. The wheel of the mill turned, the women brought unmilled grain, and hot flour poured out from under the millstone. Everyone was happy, and Filka most of all. But he still had one more thing to do; a thorn of guilt in front of the undeservedly offended horse sat deep in his heart. Material from the site

Throughout the village that evening, fragrant sweet bread with a golden brown crust was baked. The next morning Filka took a loaf of warm bread, grabbed his friends for support and went to the horse to make peace. He broke the loaf, salted a chunk heavily and handed it to the horse. But the horse, remembering the unfair words, did not take the bread and backed away. Filka was afraid that the horse would not forgive him and began to cry. The kind Pankrat calmed the horse and explained that “the boy Filka is not an evil person.” So a solemn truce was concluded, the horse ate the bread, and the forgiven boy was happy.

It seems to me that Paustovsky was able to tell a lot about the relationships between people, about their responsibility for their words and actions. Everything in the world is interconnected, and the consequences of Filka’s actions at the beginning of the fairy tale had to be corrected, attracting the help of people from the entire village. The story teaches us to be kind, sympathetic and not be afraid to ask for forgiveness for the offenses caused to others.

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