Flooding of the earth. Which countries will be flooded by global warming - maps

Where you shouldn’t build a family house “for centuries” and buy out a cemetery plot in advance: cities and countries that will go under water as a result of climate change on Earth

Scientists from the world's leading research centers have been trying to predict the consequences of global warming for many years. The worst of them is the melting of glaciers, which will lead to an increase in water levels in the world's oceans and, as a result, flooding of a number of territories, including large cities.

The figures are different every year - some say that in just a few decades almost half of modern megacities will go under water.

Others are sure: neither we nor our children and grandchildren have anything to fear - humanity will feel the serious consequences only in hundreds of years. And yet, the fear of a new global flood is becoming more and more real every year - just remember the large-scale flood in Europe, the flood on Far East and the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in New York.

The forecast of scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Change Research (Germany) states: by 2100, the level of the World Ocean will rise by 0.75 - 1.5 meters due to the melting of continental ice.

In this case, within 100 years Venice will go under water, in another 50 (by 2150) Los Angeles, Amsterdam, Hamburg, St. Petersburg, and then it’s not far from other large cities.

But Russia, in this case, is threatened not so much by water as by refugees from other countries - according to scientists, if the water rises by a meter, 72 million Chinese will be forced to change their place of residence. And where should they run if not to Russia, what do you think?

The forecast of Russian scientists was set out in the Climate Doctrine adopted by the Government and is, perhaps, the most optimistic in the world. But, nevertheless, the minister natural resources RF Yuri Trutnev, presenting the draft document, said that real threat for our cities there is already a hundred-year perspective.

Over the previous century, the water level rose by 10 cm, while if the sea level rises by the same amount, by 2050-2070 a significant part of the territory of St. Petersburg and almost the entire Yamal could be flooded. With an increase of 20 cm, parts of the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions and a number of other territories of the country are at risk of flooding.

Forecast of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research: global sea levels could rise by 1.4 meters by 2100. Scientists have not calculated the consequences for Russians, but if our experts consider even 10 cm to be a critical figure, imagine what will happen with an increase of almost one and a half meters!

The island states will definitely disappear into oblivion (the Maldives in the Indian Ocean or Tuvalu in the Pacific), Calcutta will be flooded, and London, New York and Shanghai will have to spend approximately 15 billion dollars each on flood protection (the Americans calculated this figure for themselves) . 100 million Asians and 14 million Europeans will become refugees, and while the latter can still find a place for themselves in unflooded areas, the former will most likely “flock” to Russia.

World Fund forecast wildlife(WWF) turned out to be quite vague - scientists do not give exact figures, but they say that by end of XXI century, the effects of global warming will threaten major cities, including St. Petersburg, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Kolkata, with flooding.

Russian experts, however, commenting on the report said that they are ready to vouch for the safety of St. Petersburg with their heads - according to their calculations, the level of the world's oceans, if the current rate is maintained, will rise by 30 centimeters in 100 years, and nothing threatens the city on the Neva. I wonder why then their colleagues who wrote the national doctrine worry even about 10 cm?

National Geographic's forecast is one of the most pessimistic. True, it is designed for an indefinite period, but the rate of melting of glaciers is increasing from year to year, so that a thousand years may well be reduced to a couple of centuries. According to scientists, with the complete melting of glaciers, the level of the world's oceans will rise by approximately 65 meters, and the average temperature on the planet will increase from 14 to 26 degrees.

In this case, Florida, the Gulf Coast and most of California will be flooded in North America. In Latin America, Buenos Aires, as well as coastal Uruguay and Paraguay, will go under water. In Europe, London, Venice, the Netherlands and most of Denmark will be destroyed by the elements.

But scientists believe that Russia will suffer the most due to the flood of the Black and Caspian Seas. The entire Volga-Akhtuba floodplain will go under water, along with Volgograd, as well as parts of the Astrakhan and Rostov regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. In northern Russia, St. Petersburg, Petrozavodsk and other smaller cities will fall into the flood zone.

Due to the melting of glaciers, Paris and London will become islands, a sea will appear in the Urals, and Russia will become an industrial leader

Map of Europe after rising sea levels. KEES VEENENBOS.

They say that global warming was invented by Al Gore, who worked as US Vice President in the Bill Clinton administration. It was Gore who brilliantly realized that with the help of ecology you can make money (through greenhouse gas emission quotas) and put pressure on competing economies. This is how the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, which supplemented it, came into being, on the basis of which the quota trading mechanism began to function on January 1, 2008.

However, it should be recognized that the climate is really changing and scientists are recording this. It's about not about some abstract increase in the average annual temperature by a fraction of a degree, but about the consequences that have a very tangible impact on people’s lives today.
For example, at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly conference held in April 2016 in Vienna, a group of scientists led by Marcel Nikolaus from the Helmholtz Center in Bremerhaven made a report from which it follows that this coming summer there will be the most significant reduction in the area of ​​Arctic ice in the entire history of observations. And experts from the UK Meteorological Service expect new heat records this year, despite the fact that last year, 2015, was already recognized by them as the warmest in 146 years.

How Paris will become an island
NASA and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimate that global sea levels are currently rising by about 3.2 mm per year. This is a lot: back in 2012, the process speed was only 1.9 mm. At first glance, the numbers are not impressive, but this process has already led to the beginning of the splitting of large glacial masses. For example, a piece with an area of ​​12 square meters broke off from the Jakobshavn glacier in Western Greenland last summer. km. If the entire glacier slides into the ocean, this will lead to a rise in sea levels by 50 centimeters.

And the matter is not limited to the Greenland glacier. In the next 10-15 years, the prospect of complete disappearance of the polar ice cap in the Northern Hemisphere is quite real. summer time, as well as a progressive reduction in ice volumes in other places, including in mountain ranges on the continents. The UN predicts that over the next hundred years the level of the world's seas will rise by 6.4 meters.

Now is the time to remember that Venice and Astrakhan are only 1 meter above the current ocean, Kaliningrad and Odessa - 2 meters, Pisa and Bruges - 3, Vladivostok and Bangkok - 4, Shanghai and St. Petersburg - 6, Sochi - at 9 meters.

Melting ice will globally change the world map. Australia, for example, will shrink by a quarter. Netherlands - by 40%. The Dutch will definitely not be able to build even a 7-meter wall along the entire 451-kilometer coastline, and even protect the floodplains of numerous rivers - this is beyond the capabilities of the national economy.
In short, in 100 years the Netherlands will be the bottom of the sea. And they are not alone. Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Great Britain will turn into a handful of islands of different sizes. Paris and London will become island cities.
Most of Turkey, part of Iran and almost the entire territory of North Africa, including Egypt, will go under water.
Russia will be separated from Europe by a huge sea, resulting from the confluence of the Caspian, Black, Kara and Baltic seas. It will wash away the entire Baltic region, except for a small part of southern Lithuania, eastern Belarus and northeastern Ukraine. Also, the Ural Lowland will turn into a shallow sea, and the Ural Mountains will become islands.

Houseboats on the coast of the Netherlands. Photo: iagua.es

Good and bad climate change
Such global changes will cause many accompanying processes. For example, more than 800 million people live in Europe today. Flooding of its territory will create a problem for their survival, which means it will give rise to migration processes comparable in consequences to the Great Migration of Peoples.

Progressive increases in average annual temperatures will reduce agricultural productivity in tropical and subtropical areas. It will become not only too hot, but also not humid enough. In particular, desertification could threaten the entire African continent south of the Sahara, but the prospect of the appearance of a steppe climate there (as in today's Kalmykia) is more likely, since a fair portion of the black continent will also become islands.

In general, according to WHO forecasts, over the next hundred years the number of hungry people in Africa alone will increase by 600 million people, and in the world as a whole it could reach 2 billion. For Russia, this will mean the opportunity to become the dominant global food producer. Current agricultural areas - the Don basin, the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region, Southern Urals, Altai and the steppe part of Southern Siberia - will be negatively impacted by increased water shortages during the growing season, which will reduce their productivity by 20-30%. But at the same time, global changes will make vast new parts of the country’s territory in Siberia and the Far East accessible to normal mass farming. So far, soil fertility there is significantly lower than in the Black Earth Zone, but a change in flora will gradually enrich the Siberian soil.

Geography and economics
Despite the frank alarmism of the study, this scenario promises Russia significantly more advantages than problems. We, as a state, will be able to preserve not only the majority of the territory in general, but also the bulk of the most developed and technically advanced areas. Flooding of part of the Urals and Western Siberia, of course, will necessitate the resettlement of 10-12 million people, but, firstly, there is somewhere to go, and secondly, there is enough time for this. The problem with the resettlement of St. Petersburg will turn out to be noticeably more serious (especially if a decision is made to move the city’s unique architectural complex to a new location), but this is nothing compared to the densification of the French, who will be left with 10-13% of the country’s territory.
And most importantly, Russia will be able to retain the largest part of its industrial potential, only a fifth of which is located at the bottom of future seas. In the USA this share is at least 67%, in China - 72-75%. The fact is that most American and Chinese factories are built on the coastal strip - this makes it more convenient to deliver their products to ports for loading onto ships. In Russia, the main part of the coast is northern, so factories had to be built on rivers. The changes will certainly have a positive impact on the role and place of our country in a future global warmer world.

Of course, one should not take all these forecasts too literally and straightforwardly. They are made by people, and to err is human. But we can say with confidence that the world is changing at an unprecedented pace, and tomorrow will no longer be the same as it was yesterday. Changes are inevitable and global. But we have time to think, prepare and methodically adapt to the new reality.

IN lately There is simply a flood of messages from seismologists. At the same time, there are reports about strange processes on the Sun, about the approach of asteroids, about an incomprehensible situation with the climate and other unusual things and phenomena.
Another topic of conversation is rumors that the elites of the planet have known something for a long time.

For some reason, large organizations such as NASA and the Vatican are building new infrared telescopes, and private contractors have long bought up old command centers and missile silos in the United States, converting them into personal bunkers in case of the Apocalypse.

Many people write about this today. Bloggers and the “yellow press”, as mass publications are usually called, write. Therefore, when it comes to serious issues, official people suggest that everyone asking “wear tin foil hats.”

And now, an article appears in Forbes magazine, telling readers about a major catastrophic event that could possibly be on the horizon. The conversation is about volcanoes, about asteroids, and then there is a detailed map explaining the rise in sea levels in different places.

There's nothing particularly new about the maps, but who is this article aimed at? For billionaires who have not yet bought real estate in case of the Apocalypse?

It's hard to say. But if Forbes begins to publish such things, it seems that preparations for Doomsday are already in full swing or have already reached the final stage.

Flood maps from Forbes magazine

AMERICA

AUSTRALIA

Gordon-Michael Scullion argued that the pole shift would involve global warming, nuclear explosions and the misuse of technology.

At NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, the NEOWISE mission is the official asteroid hunter. According to Amy Mainzer (JPL, NEOWISE principal investigator), the mission discovered 250 new objects, including 72 near-Earth objects and four new comets. According to NASA, the deadliest year for asteroid activity in the near future is 2020.

Professor Donald L. Turcotte, an expert in planetary geology in the University of California Davis Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, says earthquakes are unlikely to cause a planetary shift and cause coastal flooding, of course this is possible if the magnitude of the earthquake is catastrophic in magnitude, but this unlikely. However, it is much more likely that an asteroid impact will cause a polar shift. This could ultimately lead to catastrophic changes and the emergence of a world map similar to the one we see in Gordon-Michael Scullion's vision.

With all this knowledge of the future awaiting the planet and those areas that will not be affected by flooding, the world's financial leaders know what we don't know and are preparing for it. Think about how many of the wealthiest families are involved in acquiring vast amounts of farmland around the world. For this reason, wars are started and governments of sovereign states are overthrown. All of their new properties are located far from coastal areas and in areas conducive to agriculture and natural resource extraction.

The safest areas in the United States, such as Montana, New Mexico, Wyoming and Texas, are very popular areas for the richest people. Millionaires such as John Malone (currently the largest landowner in America, owning 2,200,000 acres including Wyoming and Colorado), Ted Turner (2,000,000 acres in Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico and North Dakota), Philip Anschultz ( 434,000 acres in Wyoming), Jeff Amazon's Jeff Bezos (400,000 acres in Texas) and Stan Kroenke (225,162 acres in Montana) have all accumulated large reserves of cultivable land. Many billionaires are preparing for future bailout plans with "vacation homes" ” in remote locations, many of them also have their own private jets ready to fly to safe areas immediately.

Tycoons in Australia and New Zealand are buying up farmland at a record pace. The interest of financial tycoons in cattle breeding, dairy products and agricultural farms makes us think that they need all this to create comfortable conditions for survival. But more importantly, the rich prepare safe havens, store properties in dry areas and create huge reserves of food and water. Money and precious metals will be useless as self-sufficient territory becomes the new necessary luxury. Many of them have installed helipads at their sites for easy access, and many are purchasing bunkers around the world.

Consequences of the Pole Shift

Africa

Africa will eventually be divided into three parts. The Nile will widen significantly. The new waterway will divide the entire area, from the Mediterranean to Gabon. As the Red Sea expands, Cairo will eventually disappear into the sea. Most of Madagascar will also be swallowed up by the sea. Then new lands will rise in the Arabian Sea. New land will be developed to the north and west of Cape Town, and new mountain ranges will emerge above the land in the area. Lake Victoria will merge with Lake Nyasa and flow into the Indian Ocean. Coasts of the central part East Africa will be completely flooded with water.

Asia

This highly seismic region will have the most severe and dramatic changes on Earth. The land will be flooded from the Philippines to Japan and north to the Bering Sea, including the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands. When the Pacific Plate shifts its position by nine degrees, the islands of Japan will eventually sink, leaving only a few small islands. Taiwan and most of Korea will be completely lost. The entire coastal region of China will be flooded hundreds of kilometers deep. Indonesia will disintegrate, but some islands will remain and new lands will appear. The Philippines will disappear completely under the sea. Asia will lose a significant portion of its landmass due to these dramatic changes.

India

Due to the excessive curvature of the earth and the decrease in the altitude of the country, the people of India will be asked not to seek higher territory within the country, but to go to the Himalayas, to Tibet and Nepal and China or to higher mountains.

Antarctica will become a fertile, rich soil and farming area. New land will be created from the Antarctic Peninsula to Tierra del Fuego and east to the island of South Georgia.

Australia

Australia will lose almost twenty-five percent of its land due to coastal flooding. The Adelaide area will become a new sea all the way to Lake Eyre. The Simpson and Gibson Deserts will eventually become fertile agricultural land. Entirely new communities will be developed between the Sandy and Simpson deserts, and new refugee settlements will be created in Queensland.

New Zealand

New Zealand will grow in size and will once again enter the land of old Australia. New Zealand will quickly become one of the safest areas in the entire world.

Europe

Europe will experience the fastest and most severe changes to the Earth. Much of Northern Europe will sink under the sea as the tectonic plate underneath collapses. Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark will disappear and eventually create hundreds of small islands.

Much of the United Kingdom, from Scotland to the English Channel, will disappear under the sea. Several small islands remain. The remaining islands will include major cities such as London and Birmingham. Most of Ireland will disappear under the sea, with the exception of higher land areas.

Russia will be separated from Europe by a completely new sea when the Caspian, Black, Kara and Baltic seas unite. The new sea extends to the Yenisei River in Siberia. The region's climate will remain secure, resulting in Russia supplying most of Europe's food. The Black Sea will also merge with the North Sea, leaving Bulgaria and Romania completely under water.

Parts of western Turkey will go under water, creating a new coastline from Istanbul to Cyprus. Much of Central Europe will drown, and most of the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea will be completely lost under water.

Most of France will be under water, leaving an island in the area surrounding Paris. An entirely new waterway separates Switzerland from France, creating a line from Geneva to Zurich. Italy will be completely divided by water. Venice, Naples, Rome and Genoa will sink below the rising sea. Higher heights will be created as new islands. New lands will grow from Sicily to Sardinia.

North America

Parts of the North-West region will be flooded almost two hundred kilometers deep. Regions in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and parts of Alberta will become the refugee hub in Canada. Most migrants to the region will come from British Columbia and Alaska.

United States

As the North American plate collapses, only 150 small islands will remain from California. The West Coast will retreat east to Nebraska, Wyoming and Colorado.

The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway would connect and continue through the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico. All coastal areas from Maine to Florida will be flooded with water for many hundreds of kilometers.

Mexico

Most of Mexico's coastal areas will be flooded far inland. The California coast will eventually become a series of islands. Most of the Yucatan Peninsula will be lost.

Central America and the Caribbean

Central America will drown and be reduced to a series of islands. Higher levels are considered safe. The new waterway will eventually develop from the Gulf of Honduras to Salinas, Ecuador. The Panama Canal will become inaccessible to navigation.

South America

IN South America There will be a strong earthquake and volcanic activity. Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil will be overwhelmed by water. The Amazon basin region will become a huge inland sea. Peru and Bolivia will sink.

El Salvador, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and parts of Uruguay will sink below the sea, as well as the Falkland Islands. An entirely new sea will rise to cover most of central Argentina. A huge land, which will include another new inland sea, will be developed and united with the land of Chile.

ADDITIONALLY:

Who is interested in this topic - watch LJ Nemo - http://nemoold.livejournal.com/, a number of articles there describe in detail the areas subject to flooding (mostly, the data is for Russia and Europe). Nemo's description maps are radically different from those shown in this article (Russia will suffer the least).