(We consider examples on the basis of TER-territorial unit prices; similarly, FER-federal unit prices,
according to the Standard Estimate and Normative Base (new edition))

Let's look at the first example of budgeting, the simplest one:

For example, let’s imagine that the Customer asks to repair the floor in the apartment.

We take a tape measure, a piece of paper, a pen or pencil and go out to inspect the repair site, i.e. We're going to the site.
Arriving at the site, we find out that the floor repair only needs to be done in one room.
Here, on site with the Customer’s representative, we clarify what exactly the Customer wants. The customer wants to replace the old linoleum in one room with a new semi-commercial "Tarkett Idyll OXFORD 2" with the width of the canvas for the entire room without joints and without glue.
Ask the Customer for all the details, whether there will be linoleum on or without glue, with or without a base, this will help you when choosing prices in the future.
We have figured out the problem, now we need to decide on the volumes. It’s good if the Customer gives you a copy of the floor plan, which shows the dimensions of the room being renovated. But if not, then we’ll give you a tape measure and measure the width and length of the room yourself.
Let's say that when measuring the width of the room we get 3.5 m, and the length of the room is 5.0 m.
Having mentally photographed the floor and measured it, we return to our place of work and proceed to the second stage.

We consider the area of ​​the room to be 3.5 x 5.0 = 17.5 m2.
Now we write in the defect sheet what we need to do:

1. Remove old linoleum. We write in the defect sheet - Removal of linoleum 17.5 m2.
2. Lay new linoleum. We are writing in the defect sheet - Laying semi-commercial linoleum "Tarkett Idyll OXFORD 2" without joints with a width of canvas for the entire room without glue of 17.5 m2.

Note one important detail: all the details are written on the defect sheet.

Specifically in our case, we wrote not just “Laying linoleum”, but “Laying semi-commercial linoleum “Tarkett Idyll OXFORD 2” without joints with the width of the canvas for the entire room without glue” as requested by the Customer.
You will understand why such details are needed later, when searching for prices.
Well, in our case, the defect sheet is ready, see below:

After the defective statement is ready, it is given to the Customer for approval.
And after the Customer approves the defective statement, we begin drawing up an estimate.

Drawing up an estimate.
To draw up an estimate, we will need TERr - Territorial unit prices for repair and construction work; TER-territorial unit prices for construction work.
If you are already familiar with the estimate program, then all these TERr, TER are in it.
So, we have a replacement for linoleum, i.e. repairs, so we look for prices first in the repair sections - TERR - Territorial unit prices for repair and construction work. And if prices that suit us are not in the repair sections, then we look for them in the construction sections.
But when doing repairs, prices are always initially looked for in the repair sections.
We are renovating the floor, so we are looking for TERr - floors, this will be TERr section 57. Floors.
Further in TERR section 57. Floors. We are looking for linoleum removal. This will be the price TERr 57-2-1.
We found a price for the first item in the defective list. We insert it into our estimate.
Now we are looking for a price for the second item on the defective statement.
Since in TERR section 57. Floors. there is no price for laying linoleum, we turn to the construction parts of TEP - Territorial unit prices for construction work.
We are looking for floors in TER. This will be TEP part 11. Floors. The price that suits us is TER 11-01-036-03. But this does not mean that we have also already found a price for the second item of the defective statement. An important feature is that you still have time to consider this price, whether it includes the cost of materials for performing our work. We see that the price for TER 11-01-036-03 does not include the cost of linoleum, so we are looking for it additionally.
The cost of materials is searched using the TSSC collection. TSSC is a territorial collection of estimated prices for materials, products and structures used in construction. It consists of five parts.
1. TSSC 2001 Part I. Materials for general construction work
2. TSSC 2001 Part II. Building structures and products
3. TSSC 2001 Part III. Materials and products for sanitary work
4. TSSC 2001 Part IV. Concrete, reinforced concrete and ceramic products. Non-metallic materials. Ready-mix concrete and mortars
5. TSSC 2001 Part V. Materials, products and structures for installation and special construction work
Since the replacement of linoleum in our country relates to general construction work, we are looking for a quote for the cost of linoleum according to TSSC 2001 Part I. Materials for general construction work. This will be the price TSSC 101-4216.
In addition, we take the coefficient for consumption to the material, we take linoleum according to TSSTs 101-4216 17.5 m2 x 1.02 = 17.85 m2
Now we can say that for the second item of the defective list we have found all the suitable prices. We also include them in the estimate.
The estimate is almost ready, all that remains is to add all the necessary coefficients from the relevant MDS - Methodological documents in construction, such as, for example, according to clause 4.7. MDS 81-35.2004, if there are complicating factors and conditions for the production of these works, and reducing factors for overhead costs and estimated profits during repairs, this is also from MDS ( read more often and study the MDS before drawing up estimates), and you can release it.
The estimate will look like this, see

Just do not forget that the estimated prices in collections and programs are based on 2000 prices. Therefore, you must also multiply the final estimated cost in this estimate by the corresponding conversion index to current prices.
The conversion index to current prices is different for each region.

After all that has been done, the finished estimate can be submitted to the Contractor for approval, and then to the Customer for approval.

NOW TRY TO SOLVE ESTIMATING PROBLEMS AND CHECK YOURSELF IN THE SECTION:

We will send the material to you by e-mail

The long-awaited renovation of the apartment! In order for you not to hate it in a couple of years, you need to prepare for it. An example of an estimate for the renovation of a room will help with this, because such data will show how much and in what volumes you need to invest to get the home of your dreams. This is not just a list of purchases, but a whole document that can be entrusted to specialists, but be prepared for inflated costs. You can just as successfully compose it yourself, it’s just important to know how.

The estimate includes all expenses and calculates any unforeseen costs, including the services of specialists in various fields. In order to make an estimate, you need:

• Take measurements of the room. This includes the height and length of all walls, the length of wiring, cables, water supply and thermal communications, if any are included in the repair. After receiving information on dimensions, you can, which will become the basis for calculating the necessary roughing and finishing materials. It is important to have data on the area of ​​walls, floors and ceilings.

• Based on the data obtained, it is necessary to calculate rough materials - make a reserve of at least 5-10% in this case.
• Next comes the selection and calculation of the necessary decorative materials.
• Now comes the most interesting and exciting part: price monitoring. You need to know how much roughing and finishing materials cost, the cost of the services of a designer and a team of repairmen, plumbers, electricians and other specialists who may be involved in the repair process. It is best to draw out a table and indicate several options for each item - this will allow you to avoid making a mistake with your choice.

All received data needs to be recorded and then compiled into one table: this way you will have a work plan + the cost of materials and the cost of paying specialists. It is also necessary to indicate the timing of the work, and if the injection of funds is partial, then their dates of such receipts.

Nuances

An estimate is not only technical information; it includes an element of creativity. The technical aspect is at least minimal knowledge of the processes that will occur during the repair, an understanding of the building materials market, what is needed for what.

A creative approach is the competent distribution of all cost items in accordance with the needs at a particular stage of work. It is important to take a balanced approach to choosing a team if you trust this to specialists. Don't be fooled by low prices - it's likely that the quality will be the same. It’s better to make an estimate yourself; minimal data and numerous templates will help you with this. Why is it better to do it yourself? Everything is very simple: when ordering an estimate from a construction company, you will probably end up with a 20 or even 30% larger amount than it actually is. If you doubt the truth of the data, then you can very well use the services of another “specialists” - these are auditors. As practice shows, the cost of the estimate will decrease by no less than 10%.

Examples

The photo below is an example of an estimate for a kitchen renovation. All types of work are arranged into categories for convenience. These types of estimates for room renovations will help you navigate and quickly figure out how much money will be spent on individual parts.

Dismantling work is carried out in separate subsections. When carrying out a major overhaul, there will be a need to dismantle not only the old finishing, but also pipes, including sewer pipes. And given that the apartment has plumbing, this work will also affect the bathroom. It is rational to carry out renovations in the bathroom/toilet and kitchen together: this way you can save money. Next comes the treatment of the walls, floor and ceiling. Here you can see that roughing and finishing work are included in one table; we would recommend separating them.

Also an important step when drawing up an estimate is the installation of plumbing. If it is better for specialists to finish welding the riser, since you have decided to use their labor, then it is quite possible to connect the mixer yourself; no serious skills or complex tools are needed for this.

As you can see, there are columns with units of measurement, areas and lengths of all work items. For ease of calculation, the price per unit of work and then the total cost are indicated. The estimate will take out more money if you entrust the construction company with the purchase of materials. But be careful here: it is often practiced to replace high-quality materials and components with low-grade ones. Therefore, it is important to control every stage of the work.

The following is an approximate estimate for the renovation of the entire apartment; there is a slightly different drawing up scheme, but the meaning is the same. That is, unit prices and the total cost of work are indicated. As we can see, here the customer will most likely entrust the company with the purchase of materials; a special column is allocated for this, although it is possible that he will purchase it himself and enter this data for clarity. Here's a more thorough look. Pay attention to the last point: the customer even took into account the cost of removing construction waste, which is also important when carrying out major repairs.

Before any expenses are incurred, planning almost always takes place. In fact, determining the approximate amounts allocated to certain cost items is drawing up an estimate of upcoming expenses. Moreover, this may concern both the solution of everyday issues in a person’s life and, to an even greater extent, the activities of enterprises and organizations. Almost everyone is involved in cost planning in one form or another.

Determining cost estimates

Cost estimates usually mean the calculation of all costs necessary to complete planned work, release a product, implement activities related to achieving the organization's intended goals and other similar situations. Sometimes the preparation of a document is done on a voluntary basis. However, quite often the development of cost estimates, as well as its subsequent approval and approval, are a requirement of Russian legislation. For example, drawing up a balance of expenses and income (which is a type of cost estimate) is one of the mandatory conditions for the work of any non-profit organization. Considering that their number is quite large, it becomes clear why so much attention is paid to the question of how to draw up cost estimates competently and as accurately as possible.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) include:

• educational (university, kindergarten or school), cultural (museum, national park or exhibition), medical (clinic, dental center, etc.) public and private institutions;
• Homeowners' associations, housing construction and consumer cooperatives;
• organizations for the protection of citizens' rights;
• local and state government bodies;
• charitable foundations and organizations;
• religious associations;
• divisions of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

For all of the above organizations, it is necessary to annually prepare an estimate of expenses and income, as well as a final document containing information on its implementation. Particularly strict requirements are imposed on state government institutions that are partially or fully financed from the budget. In this case, the entire drafting procedure is clearly stated, starting from the timing of the development of the document in question and ending with the requirements for its approval and approval.

Scope of cost estimates

Considering the large number of non-profit organizations, examples of which were given above, the relevance of the issue of competent preparation of cost estimates and their subsequent execution becomes clear. In many ways, the quality of these processes determines the level and degree of control over the distribution of a significant part of the state budget. It is not surprising that those non-profit organizations that are financed to one degree or another by budget funds are regulated and controlled in the most detail.

At the same time, we should not forget that cost estimates are prepared not only where government funding is available. As an example, we can cite a situation that almost everyone has had to face in real life. The level of costs for utility bills in houses managed by the HOA is determined, among other things, by drawing up cost estimates for the next year, as well as analyzing the implementation of the document developed in the past calendar period.

In this case, the cost estimate should not only be as accurate as possible, which is important for residents of the house who do not want to overpay, but also accessible and easy to check. It is no secret that some representatives of public utility services prefer to deliberately complicate the calculations performed - this makes it much easier to confuse payers and present them with larger than necessary amounts for payment.

An equally important area of ​​application of cost estimates is their preparation in commercial organizations, in particular, in industrial enterprises of any form of ownership. In this case, the purpose of drawing up the document is usually to calculate the cost of manufactured products, which is necessary to determine the selling price. It is obvious that in modern market conditions the importance of competently performing this process is difficult to overestimate.

Cost estimate example

As noted above, the highest requirements for drawing up cost estimates are imposed on budgetary institutions. Therefore, it would be quite logical to consider a specific example of such a calculation, since the implementation of other options in most cases is much simpler.

As a simple example, we can give a completed estimate of expenses and income of a non-profit organization.

The document consists of two main parts. The first of them indicates the sources of income generation, and the second - the directions of their expenditure with a clear indication of the amounts by cost items and implemented programs and distribution by quarter. As a result, after studying the estimate, a clear idea is created of the main parameters of the organization’s activities for the planned calendar period.

As can be seen from the example given, the design, coordination and approval of the document in question is carried out in any form. Much higher are the requirements when drawing up an estimate of expenses and income by a budgetary institution, the form and example of filling which are given below.

Regulatory acts clearly define the form of the document, its structure, as well as how to draw up cost estimates in such a way that it complies with current Russian legislation. The document header looks like this:

The calculation part of the document consists of four sections: the first three contain data on the organization’s main expenses, which are summarized in the final fourth.

In the example under consideration, there are no costs for the second and third sections, so the final one practically repeats the data of the first section in a slightly modified format. The cost estimate is signed by those who compiled it, checked it and the head of the budgetary institution.

Local estimates for certain types of construction and installation work, as well as for the cost of equipment, are compiled based on the following data:

• parameters of buildings, structures, their parts and structural elements adopted according to working drawings;
• volumes of work taken from statements of quantities for construction and installation work and determined from working drawings;
• nomenclature and quantity of equipment, furniture and inventory adopted from custom specifications, statements and working drawings;
• current estimated standards for types of work, structural elements, as well as wholesale, limit and, in some cases, one-time order prices for equipment, furniture and inventory.

The basis for determining the estimated cost of construction may be:

• customer's initial data for the development of estimate documentation, pre-project and design documentation, including drawings, statements of volumes of construction and installation work, specifications and statements of equipment requirements, decisions on the organization and order of construction adopted in the construction organization project (COP), explanatory notes to design materials , and for additional work - author’s supervision sheets and acts for additional work identified during the period of construction and repair work;
• current estimated standards, as well as selling prices and transportation costs for materials, equipment, furniture and inventory;
• individual decisions of public authorities related to the relevant construction site.

When drawing up local estimates based on adopted technical solutions, priority in the selection of current estimate standards or methods for determining the estimated cost is based on the following conditions:

• if there are approved price lists for the construction of buildings and structures, enlarged prices (UR) or enlarged estimate standards (USN), intended for use in drawing up estimates based on working drawings, then these enlarged estimate standards are accepted;
• if there are no consolidated estimate standards, but there are estimates for standard and reusable economical individual projects tied to local construction conditions, then these estimates are accepted;
• if there are no consolidated estimate standards, as well as estimates for standard and re-used economical individual projects tied to local construction conditions, then single prices for building structures or for certain types of construction and installation work from the relevant collections and catalogs are accepted.

In relation to the characteristics of certain types of construction, the specialization of contracting construction and installation organizations, the structure of project documentation, local estimates are drawn up:

• a) for buildings and structures:

for construction work, special construction work, internal sanitary work, internal electrical lighting, electric power plants, technological and other types of equipment, instrumentation and automation, low-current devices (communications, alarms, etc.), purchase fixtures, furniture, equipment and other work;

• b) for general site works:

for vertical planning, installation of utility networks, paths and roads, landscaping, small architectural forms and others.

Estimated documentation is drawn up in a certain sequence, moving from small to larger construction elements, which represent the type of work (costs) - object - launch complex - construction phase - construction (construction) as a whole.

If only one main purpose object is being built at the construction site according to the project, without the construction of auxiliary and auxiliary objects (for example: in industry - a workshop building for the main purpose; in transport - a railway station building; in housing and civil engineering - a residential building, a theater, a school building etc.), then the concept of “object” may coincide with the concept of “construction”.

It is allowed to draw up two or more local estimates for the same type of work when designing complex buildings and structures, when developing technical documentation for construction by several design organizations, as well as when forming estimated costs for launch complexes.

In local estimates it is made grouping data into sections for individual structural elements of the building (structures), types of work and devices. The grouping order must match technological sequence of work and take into account the specific features of individual types of construction. This procedure should be regulated by industry regulations. In this case, buildings and structures can be divided into an underground part ("zero cycle" work) and an above-ground part.

Based on the mentioned grouping principles:

• a local estimate for construction work may have sections: earthworks; foundations and walls of the underground part; walls; frame; floors; partitions; floors and bases; coverings and roofs; filling openings: stairs and platforms; finishing works; various works (porches, blind areas, etc.), etc.;
• a local estimate for special construction work may have sections: foundations for equipment; special grounds; channels and pits; lining, lining and insulation; chemical protective coatings, etc.;
• a local estimate for internal sanitary work may have sections: water supply; sewerage; heating; ventilation and air conditioning, etc.;
• a local estimate for equipment installation may have sections: acquisition and installation of process equipment; process pipelines; metal structures (related to the installation of equipment), etc.

For relatively simple objects, the estimated cost may not be grouped into sections.

The volume of work is calculated for estimates for the detailed design or working documentation in the units of measurement of estimate standards adopted in collections of elemental estimate standards (m3, m2, t, pcs., etc.). It should be noted that estimated volumes mean any quantities determined from drawings and used in determining the estimated cost.

The calculation of the volume of work should be carried out in a certain sequence, corresponding to the technology for performing the work, so that the results of previously performed calculations can be used for subsequent stages.

In design organizations, the volume of work on the building as a whole is calculated, as a rule, by designers, usually by technicians. For greater accuracy, it is recommended that estimates be checked by qualified estimators.

When drawing up a bill of quantities, you must adhere to the following sequence:

• familiarization with design materials and placing them in the order most convenient for the user;
• development and preparation of tabular forms, compilation of auxiliary tables and calculations for standard products, structural elements and parts of the building;
• calculating the scope of work using design specifications;
• calculation of volumes for structural elements and types of work not covered when calculating according to the specification.

The bill of quantities for general construction work is divided into calculations for individual completed structural elements and types of work.

When preparing local estimates, they are usually divided into sections. The designed building is conventionally divided into parts - structural elements. All work related to one structural element is grouped in one section of the estimate (finishing work - internal and external - are considered as independent structural elements). In addition, the estimates highlight the underground and above-ground parts of the building.

Similar to the construction of estimates, statements of calculation of the volume of work are also compiled with division into the same sections.
In housing -

In civil engineering, the list of structural elements (sections) is as follows:

Internal special construction work:

For industrial construction, an approximate list of sections of the work volume calculation sheet is as follows:

The main function of estimate standards is to determine the standard amount of resources, the minimum necessary and sufficient to perform the corresponding type of work, as the basis for the subsequent transition to cost indicators.

Considering that the estimated standards are developed on the basis of the principle of averaging with minimization of the consumption of all necessary resources, it should be taken into account that the standards are not adjusted towards their reduction.

Estimated standards and prices provide for the work to be carried out under normal (standard) conditions, not complicated by external factors. When carrying out work in special conditions: cramped conditions, gas pollution, near operating equipment, in areas with specific factors (high mountains, etc.) - the coefficients given in the general provisions of the relevant collections of standards and prices are applied to the estimated standards and prices.

State, production-industry, territorial, company and individual estimate standards form a system of pricing and estimate standardization in construction.

State estimate standards include estimate standards that are part of group 8 of subgroups 81, 82 and 83 “Documents on Economics”.

If there are no separate standards for the work technologies envisaged in the project in the current collections of estimate standards and prices, it is allowed to develop appropriate individual estimate standards and unit prices, which are approved by the customer (investor) as part of the project (detailed design). Individual estimate standards and prices are developed taking into account the specific conditions of work with all complicating factors.

The use of proprietary and individual estimate standards to determine the cost of construction, the financing of which is carried out using federal budget funds, is recommended after their coordination with the relevant authorized federal executive body in the field of construction.

When applying individual estimate standards and prices, the increasing coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 of MDS 81-35.2004 are not applied to them.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of the designed enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues, estimate documentation is drawn up, consisting of:

• local estimates;
• local estimate calculations;
• object estimates;
• object estimate calculations;
• estimates for certain types of costs;
• summary estimates of the cost of construction (repair);
• cost summaries, etc.

Local estimates refer to primary estimate documents and are compiled for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site work based on the volumes determined during the development of working documentation (DD).

Local estimates calculations are drawn up in cases where the scope of work and the amount of costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the RD, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be sufficiently accurately determined during the design and are clarified during the construction process.

Estimates for individual types of costs are drawn up in cases where it is necessary to determine the limit of funds for the entire construction project necessary to reimburse costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards (compensation in connection with the seizure of land for development; costs associated with the use of benefits and surcharges, established by decisions of government bodies, etc.).

Consolidated estimates of the cost of construction (repair) of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues) are compiled on the basis of object estimates, object estimates and estimates for individual types of costs.

In cases where, along with industrial objects, design and estimate documentation is drawn up for objects of housing, civil and other purposes, it is recommended to draw up an estimate document (cost summary) that determines the cost of construction of enterprises, buildings, structures or their queues.

Simultaneously with the estimate documentation as part of the project (detailed design) and RD, a statement of the estimated cost of construction of facilities included in the launch complex, and a statement of the estimated cost of facilities and environmental protection work can be developed.

It is recommended to draw up a statement of the estimated cost of the objects included in the launch complex in the case when the construction and commissioning of an enterprise, building and structure is planned to be carried out by separate launch complexes. A statement of the estimated cost of construction of objects included in the launch complex is given as part of the project (detailed design), and as part of the RD in cases where the estimated cost of objects and work is clarified according to working drawings. The specified statement includes the estimated cost of the objects included in the launch complex, as well as general site work and costs, while the numbering of objects, work and costs adopted in the consolidated estimate calculation is preserved.

In cases where a statement of the estimated cost of the objects included in the launch complex is not compiled, in the summary estimate, after the sum for the object estimates (estimates), the results for the chapters and the consolidated estimate, the amounts of the corresponding costs for the launch complexes are given in brackets.

When designing enterprises and structures, the construction of which is carried out in stages, separate object estimates related to the stage and full development, summary estimates of the cost of construction of each stage of construction and for full development (summary of costs for the full development of the enterprise) are compiled.

If two or more general contractors are involved in the construction, the estimated cost of work and expenses to be carried out by each general contractor is recommended to be drawn up in a separate statement drawn up in relation to the consolidated estimate.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates), prices from the corresponding collections are used, and in each position of the local estimate (estimate) a standard code is indicated, consisting of the collection number (two characters), section number (two characters), the serial number of the table in this section (three characters) and the serial number of the norm in this table (one two characters). The parameters of individual characteristics (length, height, area, mass, etc.) given with the word “to” should be understood inclusive, and with the word “from” - excluding the specified value, i.e. above.

• Coefficients taking into account the conditions of work and complicating factors are given in Appendix No. to MDS 81-35.2004.

If complicating factors are taken into account by elemental estimate standards and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 are not applied.

When referring in local estimates (estimates) to the technical part or introductory instructions of price collections or other regulatory documents in the column “code, standard numbers and resource codes” after the number of the collection and price, the initial letters PM or VU and the number of the corresponding item are indicated, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taking into account coefficients (given in Appendix No. 1) in the positions of local estimates (estimates) that take into account the conditions of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.

Work performed during the repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures, similar to technological processes in new construction, should be standardized according to the relevant collections of GESN-2001 for construction and special construction work (except for the standards of the collection of GESN No. 46 “Work during the reconstruction of buildings and structures”) using coefficients 1.15 to the norms for labor costs and 1.25 to the norms for the operating time of construction machines. The specified coefficients may be used in conjunction with the coefficients given in Appendix 1 to this Methodology.

For work in which the production technology includes welding of metal structures, rolled metal, steel pipes, sheet metal, embedded parts and other metal products, elemental estimate standards and unit prices are developed based on the conditions of using carbon steel.
When applying stainless steel to the labor cost standards provided for in unit prices, it is recommended to apply a coefficient of 1.15.

The cost determined by local estimates includes direct costs, overhead costs and planned savings.

Direct costs take into account the basic wages of workers, the cost of materials, products, structures and operation of construction machines. They are determined in local estimates by multiplying the volume of work accepted according to working drawings by the corresponding price. The rules for determining the scope of work and instructions for the application of prices are given in the technical parts of the collections of estimate standards, as well as in the Instructions for the application of uniform regional unit prices for building structures and work and in the Instructions for the application of prices for the installation of equipment.

Overhead costs take into account the costs of construction and installation organizations associated with the creation of general production conditions, its maintenance, organization and management.

Planned savings (Estimated profit) represent the standard profit of construction and installation organizations, taken into account in the estimated cost of construction and installation work.

All estimated standards used to determine direct costs must be adopted for the conditions of the region of the country in which construction is planned, taking into account the rules contained in the Instructions for the application of uniform regional unit prices for building structures and work, Instructions for the application of prices for installation of equipment and in technical parts of the relevant collections of estimate standards.

Local estimates separately show the cost of standard conditionally net products (NCPP), adopted for planning labor productivity in construction and installation organizations, as well as standard labor intensity and estimated wages.

The accrual of overhead costs and planned savings (Estimated profit) when drawing up local estimates is made at the end of the estimate after the total of direct costs, and when creating an estimate by section - at the end of each section and for the estimate as a whole.

Data on the cost of equipment, furniture and inventory are included in local estimates in the manner prescribed in the chapters of the MDS on the rules for determining the estimated cost of equipment, the development and application of estimated cost standards for tools and inventory of industrial buildings and the development and application of estimated cost standards for equipment and inventory of public and administrative buildings.

In cases where, in accordance with design data, structures (metal, reinforced concrete and others) are dismantled, buildings and structures are demolished, as a result of which it is planned to obtain structures, materials and products suitable for reuse, or certain materials are extracted incidentally to construction ( stone, gravel, timber, etc.), following the results of local estimates for dismantling, demolition (relocation) of buildings and structures and other work, refundable amounts are given for reference, i.e. amounts that reduce the amount of capital investments allocated to the customer, not excluded from the total of the local estimates and the volume of work performed.

Refundable amounts are shown in a separate line entitled “Including refundable amounts” and are determined on the basis of the product range and quantity of structures, materials and products received for subsequent use, which are also given after the final estimate. The cost of such structures, materials and products as part of refundable amounts is determined according to the wholesale price lists minus from these amounts the costs of bringing them into a usable condition and delivering them to storage locations. The cost of materials obtained through incidental mining, if it is impossible to use them in this construction, but if there is a possibility of sale, is taken into account at prices ex-place of procurement (ex-quarry - for local materials and minerals; ex-cutting area - for wood obtained from deforestation, etc.).

If it is impossible (confirmed by relevant documents) to use or sell materials from disassembly or associated mining, their cost is not taken into account in the refund amounts.

When using equipment that is included in the fixed assets and is scheduled for dismantling and transfer to a building under construction (reconstruction) within the boundaries of an expanding, reconstructed or technically re-equipped operating enterprise, local estimates provide only funds for dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and after the result of the estimate For reference, its book value is shown, taken into account in the general cost limit to determine the approving authority and technical and economic indicators of the project (detailed design), except for technical re-equipment.

If two or more general contractors are involved in the construction, the estimated cost of work and expenses to be carried out by each general contractor is recommended to be drawn up in a separate statement drawn up in relation to the consolidated estimate.

Additional activities of contractors related to the organization of construction and installation work are reflected in the construction organization project and are taken into account in the consolidated estimate.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures (or their queues), it is recommended to draw up the following documentation:

• as part of the project (working draft):
• cost summary (if necessary);
• summary estimate of the cost of construction (repair);
• object and local estimate calculations;
• estimates for certain types of costs;
• as part of the working documentation (DD) - site and local estimates.

Estimate documentation is drawn up at the current price level.

• In the estimate documentation it is allowed to indicate the cost of work in two price levels:
• at the basic level, determined on the basis of the current estimated norms and prices of 2001;
• at the current level, determined on the basis of prices prevailing at the time of drawing up the estimate documentation.

The estimate documentation is numbered in the following order.

The numbering of local estimates (estimates) is carried out when forming an object-based estimate (estimate), taking into account the number and name of the chapter of the consolidated estimate calculation of the cost of construction in which it (she) is included.

As a rule, the numbering of local estimates (local estimate calculations) is carried out as follows:

1. the first two digits correspond to the chapter number of the consolidated estimate,
2. the second two digits are the line number in the chapter
3. the third two digits mean the serial number of the local estimate (estimate) in this object estimate (estimate).

For example: No. 02-04-12

The numbers of object estimates (object estimates) according to such a numbering system do not include the last two digits corresponding to the numbers of local estimates (estimates).

For example: No. 02-04

It is recommended to present the calculation results and final data in the estimate documentation as follows:

• in local estimates (estimates), line-by-line and total figures are rounded to whole rubles;
• in object estimates (estimates), the final figures from local estimates (estimates) are shown in thousands of rubles (at the current price level), rounded to two decimal places;
• in summary estimates of the cost of construction or repairs (cost summaries), the total amounts from object estimates (estimates) are shown in thousands of rubles, rounded to two decimal places.

The results of calculations and final data in calculations of construction costs are presented similarly.

When drawing up estimates (calculations), the following methods for determining cost can be used:

• resourceful;
• resource-index;
• base-index;
• based on enlarged estimate standards, incl. a data bank on the cost of previously constructed or designed analogue facilities.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates), the conditions of work and complicating factors are taken into account.

Coefficients taking into account the conditions of work and complicating factors are given in Appendix No. 1 of MDS 81-35.2004.

If complicating factors taken into account by elemental estimate standards and unit prices, the coefficients given in Appendix No. 1 do not apply.

When referring to the technical part in local estimates (estimates) or introductory instructions for collections of prices or other regulatory documents in the column “code, numbers of standards and resource codes” after the number of the collection and prices is indicated with the initial letters PM or VU and the number of the corresponding item, for example: PM-5 or VU-4, and when taken into account in positions of local estimates (estimates) of coefficients (given in Appendix No. 1), taking into account the conditions of work, column 2 of the estimate indicates the value of this coefficient, as well as the abbreviated name and paragraph of the regulatory document.

When drawing up local estimates (estimates) for reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures, complicating factors and conditions for the production of such work are taken into account, using the appropriate coefficients given in the relevant collections of estimate norms and prices (“General Provisions” ).

When performing certain types of work in accordance with construction technology, individual materials (formwork, fastening, etc.) are used several times, i.e. turn around. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work. In cases where it is impossible to achieve the standard turnover rate of industrial formwork, fastenings, etc. at the facility, what should be justified by the PIC, the norm is adjusted.

The cost of equipment, furniture and inventory is included in local estimates (estimates).

When using equipment included in fixed assets , suitable for further operation and planned for dismantling and transfer to a building under construction (reconstruction), local estimates (estimates) provide only funds for dismantling and re-installation of this equipment, and the result of the estimate shows its book value, taken into account in the general limit, for reference cost to determine the technical and economic indicators of the project.

____________________

* Structures, materials and products taken into account in refundable amounts should be distinguished from the so-called revolving materials (formwork, fastening, etc.), used in accordance with construction technology several times when performing certain types of construction work. Their repeated turnover is taken into account in the estimated standards and the uniform regional unit prices compiled on their basis for the corresponding structures and types of work.

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR DETERMINING THE VALUE
OVERHEAD COSTS IN CONSTRUCTION

MDS 81-33.2004

I. Administrative expenses

15. Expenses associated with official travel of administrative and economic personnel within the location of the organization.

19. Expenses associated with the payment of relocation costs for administrative and business personnel, including employees servicing official passenger vehicles, and payment of lifting allowances for them in accordance with the current legislation on compensation and guarantees for transfer, re-employment and assignment to work in other areas.

20. Expenses for business trips related to the production activities of administrative and economic personnel, including employees servicing official passenger vehicles, based on the standards established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including:

• - travel of the employee to the place of business trip and back to the place of permanent work;
• - daily allowance and (or) field allowance within the limits of standards approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
• - registration and issuance of visas, passports, vouchers, invitations and other similar documents;
• - consular, port, airfield fees, fees for the right of entry, passage, transit of automobile and other transport, for the use of sea canals, other similar structures and other similar payments and fees;
• - rental of residential premises.

List of overhead cost items in construction
III. Costs of organizing work on construction sites

13. Expenses for the relocation of linear construction organizations and their structural divisions within the construction site (with the exception of expenses for the relocation of construction machinery and mechanisms included in the cost of machine-hours, as well as expenses for the relocation of construction organizations and their structural divisions to other construction sites).

V. Costs not taken into account in overhead rates, but included in overhead expenses

9. Expenses reimbursed by construction customers from other costs related to the contractor’s activities:

• a) costs of transporting employees living at a distance of more than three kilometers, to the place of work and back by road transport (own or rented), if municipal or suburban transport is not able to provide their transportation and it is not possible to organize transportation by organizing special routes of urban passenger transport; additional costs associated with attracting funds from a construction organization on a contractual basis with local executive authorities to cover the costs of transporting workers on public ground urban passenger transport routes (except taxis), in excess of the amounts determined based on the current tariffs for the relevant types of transport;
• b) additional costs associated with the implementation of contract work on a rotational basis;
• c) costs of relocating construction organizations and their divisions to other construction sites;
• g) costs associated with sending workers to perform construction, installation and special construction work. For tax purposes, these costs are accepted in the amounts established by law;

References

• MDS 81-35.2004 Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• MDS 83-1.99 Methodological recommendations for determining the amount of funds for wages in contract prices and estimates for construction and wages for workers of construction, installation and repair organizations
• GSNr 81-05-02-2001 (Collection of estimated standards for additional costs when carrying out repair and construction work in winter)
• GSN 81-05-01-2001 (Collection of estimated cost standards for the construction of temporary buildings and structures)
• GSNr-81-05-01-2001 (Collection of estimated cost standards for the construction of temporary buildings and structures during repair and construction work)
• Letter of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the State Committee for Construction dated October 10, 1991 No. 1336-VK/1-D “On the amount of funds for bonuses for commissioning production capacities and construction projects.”

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 31.05.00 No. 420, letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated 10.03.98 No. VB-20-82/12 “On payment of expenses for voluntary insurance of construction risks.”

• Letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated March 18, 1998 No. VB-20-98/12 “On accounting for leasing payments in estimate documentation.”

Letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated October 27, 2003 No. NK-6848/10 “On the procedure for allocating costs for commissioning work.”

• Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated February 13, 2003 No. 17 “On standard costs for maintaining the customer-developer service during the construction of facilities for state needs at the expense of the federal budget for 2003-2004.”

Resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated August 18, 1997 No. 18-44 “The procedure for determining the cost of work to carry out the examination of pre-project and design documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures on the territory of the Russian Federation.”

• MDS 81-7.2000 Methodological manual for calculating costs for the service of the customer-developer
• A practical guide edited by P.V. Goryachkina “Drawing up estimates in construction based on the estimate and regulatory framework of 2001.”

The layout of an apartment, thought out by construction engineers, does not always suit the tenants who bought it. Very often they combine a kitchen with a room to create a dining room, expand the size of the bathroom or connect it with a toilet. In any case, changing the configuration of a residential premises (even if it is your own, and privatized) requires being legalized by higher authorities. In addition, it is important which materials and how they will be used in repair/construction. For all this, a construction estimate is drawn up.

Also, a cost plan must be drawn up if you are planning to build on your site. This applies to both the whole house and any utility premises with a foundation.

By 2016, the procedure for drawing up estimates for apartment renovations was changed. Prices for building materials and services have also undergone significant changes. Let's take a closer look at how to correctly prepare this document and who to turn to for help.

And also for those who like to act independently, there are special calculator programs. They are used to easily create a project online.

How to make an estimate yourself: the procedure for drawing up an estimate and instructions

The procedure for drawing up a project (as well as the cost of this service in companies) depends on:

⦁ type of development (panel house, country house, monolithic new building);
⦁ housing area (the more square meters in the house, the cheaper the cost of reconstruction per meter, but the price increases with the number of rooms);
⦁ original condition, wall materials and finishing quality.

The preparation of the project according to the means is carried out by a specially trained person. This employee is called an estimator. It is determined on the spot with the size of the housing, the materials that were used for its construction, as well as those that are planned to be used. Calculates the cost of a future project.

For repairs, the main document is the estimate for the major renovation of the apartment. It is mainly compiled in Excel format.

Instructions for preparing an estimate:

1. Call an estimator to your home. Measuring rooms, calculating options and agreeing with the customer which rooms can be changed.
2. Determining the quantity and quality of rough materials (those that are not visible in the finished repair).
3. Selection of finishing materials. Coordination of the future interior with the designer.
4. Generalization of the results obtained to draw up and obtain a finished project.

How to make an estimate for construction work, sample

Samples of construction estimates can be found on the Internet. Most often they are compiled for such types of work as:

⦁ sewer and plumbing;
⦁ heating;
⦁ dismantling and finishing;
⦁ any type of construction work (installation of drywall, laying tiles, pasting walls and painting them);
⦁ installation of windows and doors.

You can find examples of approximate estimates for renovations in one-, two-, three- and more-room apartments on specialized websites. You can also apply to order a repair plan on such portals.

Basically, the services of companies that are engaged in drawing up projects and other construction work (based on these projects and drawings) include:

⦁ turnkey work;
⦁ creation of lighting points, electrical points;
⦁ execution of the contract;
⦁ warranty service for a year or two;
⦁ drawing up a transfer and acceptance certificate;
⦁ payment by the customer can be made in stages depending on the volume of work performed (if this is specified in the contract).

Estimate for apartment renovation

An estimate is an excellent document that will help us understand how much an apartment renovation that has not yet taken place costs. It can be called the cornerstone where the desires of the owners of the premises come into contact with the realities and their possibilities.

Some citizens who are planning renovation or construction are interested in how to make an estimate for apartment renovation on their own and whether this can be done legally. Of course, if something needs to be done efficiently, it should be done by professionals. However, you can do without an estimator.

The typical cost can be calculated based on the design project. That is, the document that the client receives from the designers. With this help you can understand what materials should be used for repairs. But such a calculation will still be approximate, and the cost deviation may be from 10%.

In general, the nature of the design project for apartment renovation depends on what kind of renovation it is supposed to be. This in turn happens:

⦁ cosmetic;
⦁ capital;
⦁ reconstruction of old residential premises;
⦁ euro renovation according to the latest fashion.

The estimate is prepared by an estimator based on working drawings, and is therefore characterized by high accuracy. All prices on the basis of which the cost of work in the estimate is formed are presented on our website. If, after drawing up an estimate, during the work process, the customer does not change his repair task, the estimated cost will not change.

Estimate for the construction of a house made of aerated concrete 10x10

Aerated concrete is a modern building material, which, due to its light weight, ability to retain heat and low cost, has already earned the recognition of many construction organizations.

When building a house from aerated concrete, even a small one - only 10 by 10 meters, the following key points should be included in the plan:

⦁ cleaning the site and preparing it for construction;
⦁ calling an estimator or any other design and measurement work;
⦁ rental of freight transport for transporting materials;
⦁ construction of the foundation and all the materials that are used for this (before installing the walls, the foundation must be prepared - horizontal waterproofing must be performed, followed by leveling application of a cement-sand mixture);
⦁ construction of walls from aerated silicate blocks, reinforcement of aerated concrete, creation of floors, if necessary;
⦁ Exterior and interior finishing, cosmetic wall cladding.

Since building a house from aerated concrete is a long and labor-intensive process, it is best to use the help of specially trained craftsmen to prepare an estimate for it.

Estimate for the construction of a frame house

Frame houses are currently a boom among low-rise construction. There are many companies on the market that are engaged in their construction using various technologies.

The most popular simple option is to draw up an estimate for the construction of a frame wooden house using the “DKR” technology.

An approximate estimate for the manufacture of a frame private house can be found

It is desirable that the estimates drawn up contain not only how much materials are needed, but also:

⦁ a complete list of building elements and consumables used;
⦁ report on each construction element.

Software for preparing estimates, online estimates, what is it?

For those who decide to make estimates for construction on their own, there are several options for online calculators that can help do this. For example, as the easiest to use, we can highlight: http://www.kors-soft.ru/opsme1.htm Mini Estimate (a very simple and convenient service).

Basically, all such programs contain:

⦁ price base for 2016 to clarify the cost of finishing and rough work;
⦁ convenient estimate calculator for automatic calculation of the amount of expected work;
⦁ the ability to draw up construction estimates for apartment renovations with the help of an assistant (Wizard);
⦁ bases on the main pricing parameters, the use of which makes it possible to quickly change the cost of the project depending on the region in which its construction or renovation is planned: in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk and any other large or small city.