The Eksmo publishing house published a dictionary-reference book “Difficult cases of Russian punctuation.” Its authors are employees of the Gramota.ru portal Vladimir Pakhomov, Viktor Svintsov and Irina Filatova, and the book is compiled based on questions received over the years in the “Help Bureau” of this online resource.

Meanwhile, at some point this very popular service stopped working. Now, reports Vladimir Pakhomov, it is working again:

— On June 6, Russian Language Day, we launched this service again. So now we're still happy to answer questions.

— What was the reason for this break, which upset many users?

— There were a number of reasons, including technical ones. We wanted to establish a search for portal materials, because users themselves could find answers to many of the questions that we are asked using our materials. But then we realized that all the materials that exist, dictionaries, reference books, and the search system still do not replace the online help service. Still, we were constantly asked when we could ask questions to the staff again help desk? We decided that this service was still needed. He had to be revived, and we did it.

- This is true. The dictionary differs from similar publications in that it is built according to the alphabetical principle. How are traditional spelling guides structured? There is, for example, a section “Punctuation marks for isolated phrases.” These are separate circumstances, separate definitions, additions. There is a section “Punctuation marks in complex sentences”. There is a section “Punctuation marks in phrases that are not part of a complex sentence.” For example, phrases with the conjunction “how”. There is a section dedicated to commas when introductory words.

— What you have listed already sounds frightening to many and will encourage a person to slam the directory when he sees such a table of contents.

— Of course, reference books usually have an alphabetical index at the end, and even then not all of them. For example, the 2010 edition is “Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing” (authors D. Rosenthal, E. Dzhandzhakova and N. Kabanova). There is no alphabetical index at the end. But even if it is somewhere, it is not always possible to find the right word using it. For example, the list indicates that the words “maybe”, “in addition”, and so on are not introductory. And at the end of the list there are letters, etc. What is hidden behind these letters? This is incomprehensible to a non-linguist user. It is also unclear to him why, for example, the answer to the question when a phrase with the word “instead” is isolated must be looked for in one section of the reference book (specifically, in the section “Isolated additions”), and the answer to the question when a comma is placed inside the conjunction “instead” “In order to”, you need to look in a completely different section of the reference book through many, many pages. For a non-specialist reader this is very difficult, it is incomprehensible. Therefore, he cannot always find the required section in the directory.

For all these reasons, we came up with this idea - to make a punctuation reference book built on an alphabetical principle. The reader just needs to open the dictionary to the dictionary entry “instead of” and read the desired recommendation, or to the entry “instead of” and read the desired recommendation. We also encountered the fact that recommendations in reference books do not always exactly correspond to established writing practice. For example, in the Rosenthal reference book it is said that the phrases “by design”, “by decision”, “by order”, etc. are not introductory phrases. Yes, these phrases are not introductory, but the point is that all the same, without being introductory, some of these phrases are consistently isolated in writing practice. For example, the phrase “by design.” It consistently stands out without even being introductory. The reference books don't talk about this. We also talk about such things, give examples, give recommendations that such expressions should usually be separated with commas.

- Why are they isolated? Because this is the practice, or because different rules begin to apply here?

— The practice of writing has developed. Firstly, it is somewhat close to such isolated phrases - “by order of the director, it is necessary to do this and that”, “according to the plans of the builders, the building should have...”, etc. This phrase is something then it is still close to the introductory speed. It is not introductory, but somewhat close to them. Therefore, it can be called simply an adverbial phrase, which is usually separated by commas. There are many such cases. We also noted cases where there are discrepancies in linguistic sources, or when the recommendations of reference books contradict the established practice of writing. For example, in reference books there is now a recommendation to isolate the construction “instead of an answer” if it is not associated with a verb in a sentence. For example, “instead of an answer, he was given a letter.” Here the reference book recommends using a comma on the grounds that an answer cannot be submitted. You can submit a letter, but you cannot submit an answer - so you need to put a comma. But practice shows that a comma is almost never used in these cases. We give examples from Goncharov’s novel “The Precipice”: “Instead of answering, she moved a chair for Raisky.” Or, for example, from Voinovich’s “The Adventures of Chonkin”: “Instead of answering, he pressed his cheek to the butt.” You can’t move the answer, you can’t touch your cheek to the answer, but still there are no commas. This recommendation does not work in practice - commas are still not used. We also write about these cases.

We tell the reader honestly when there is no clear answer. We are faced with the fact that some words behave in such a way that in the corpus of examples there is literally one example - an example with a comma, an example without a comma. For example, the separation of the words “how” and “no way”. “But still, whatever one may say...”, etc. Through one example - commas and no commas, that is, here we are dealing with inconsistent isolation. We also write about these cases and say that in such cases the author decides. It is impossible to give an unambiguous recommendation here.

Slide 2

You and I know the basic rule of punctuation in a complex conjunction sentence: all parts of a complex sentence are separated from each other; If in a complex sentence the subordinate clause breaks the main clause, it is separated by commas. However, there are a number of syntactic situations in which this basic rule is clarified or even canceled. For example, in a complex sentence, in one case the parts are not separated from each other by a comma. What kind of case is this?

Slide 3

If the parts of a complex sentence have a common secondary member of the sentence, then a comma is not placed between the parts of the complex sentence. For example: Then the cooks melted and the theater with its curtain fell apart.

Slide 4

Typically, a comma in a complex sentence is placed before the subordinating conjunction, regardless of whether the conjunction is simple (that, so that, when, while...) or complex (despite the fact that, so that, while, since, because, because...) but it happens that part of a complex subordinating conjunction is pronounced with a special intonation and goes back to the main sentence, in other words, the complex conjunction is dismembered, then a comma is placed before the second part of the conjunction, but is no longer placed before the first. The dismemberment of the union occurs - If it is preceded by a negative particle not, other particles or an introductory word; For example: I can’t escape from here, not because it’s high, but because I have nowhere to escape.

Slide 5

If there are two conjunctions in a sentence: coordinating and subordinating, then a comma is placed between them if the second part of the conjunction does not follow then. For example: Grabbing the briefcase with wet, cold hands, the findirector felt that if this rustling continued a little longer well, he will not be able to stand it and will scream piercingly. Woland was met by the housekeeper Grunya, who explained that she herself had just arrived, that she was visiting, that Berlioz was not at home, and that if the visitor wanted to see Stepan Bogdanovich, then he should go to his bedroom himself.

Slide 6

There are complex sentences, parts of which can be considered homogeneous, since they are connected by coordinating conjunctions. Such sentences are subject to punctuation rules for homogeneous sentence members. For example: Margarita does not remember who sewed her shoes from the petals of a pale rose and how these shoes fastened themselves with gold buckles. Then she, having already stopped thinking about anything, saw dark cellars where some kind of lamps were burning, where girls served hissing food on hot meat on the coals, where they drank from large mugs for her health.

N.A. SHAPIRO

Continuation. See 39, 43, 47/2003 and No. 3, 7, 11/2004

Difficult cases of punctuation in complex conjunction sentences

Compact theme No. 7

The basic rule of punctuation in a complex sentence

All parts of a complex sentence are separated from each other by punctuation marks: when union communications usually with commas, with a non-conjunction - a comma, semicolon, colon or dash. If in a complex sentence the subordinate clause breaks the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides.

I intended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed to leave, and there to say goodbye to her for the last time.(A.S. Pushkin). [ , (where), ].

However, there are a number of syntactic situations in which this basic rule is clarified or even canceled.

Particle or coordinating conjunction before a subordinating conjunction

If subordinate clause follows the main and before the subordinating conjunction or allied word there is a particle Not or unions and, either, or, neither – neither etc., the subordinate clause is not separated from the main one.

We never found out who rang our doorbell or what he needed. It is important not when the concert starts, but who will sing.

If the subordinating conjunction or allied word is preceded by the words especially, in particular, that is, for example, just etc., a comma is not placed after these words.

The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is perhaps more interesting and useful than the history of an entire people, especially when it is the result of a mature mind observing itself and when it is written without a vain desire to arouse sympathy or surprise.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

If the subordinating conjunction is preceded by particles only, just, only, exclusively etc., a comma is placed before them (although when pronouncing such sentences there is no pause before the particle).

I I’ll come just to be convinced once again of the futility of this enterprise.

Complex subordinating conjunctions

Usually a comma in a complex sentence is placed before the subordinating conjunction, regardless of whether the conjunction is simple ( what, so, when, while, etc.) or complex ( despite the fact that, in order to, while, since, because, because etc.).

The proof was striking, and I, despite the fact that laughed at our ancestors and their helpful astrology, and unwittingly fell into their rut.(M.Yu. Lermontov) It was dirty and before went to the podium, washed his face and hands in the office for a long time. The tram project, again submitted for consideration, floundered in the highest provincial authorities, was approved, disapproved, transferred to the center for consideration, but regardless of approval or disapproval, it was covered with dust, because In neither case was money given.(I. Ilf, E. Petrov). The fact is that, by agreement with the foreman, we had to collect apples from one old apple tree, so that give half of the harvest to the collective farm, and half to yourself.(F. Iskander)

But it happens that the first part of a complex subordinating conjunction is pronounced with a special intonation and moves away to the main sentence, as if regaining the meaning of the demonstrative word (in other words, the complex conjunction is dismembered); then a comma is placed before the second part of the conjunction (and is no longer placed before the first!).

The most reasonable thing would be, of course, to shout until someone will not come, and then surrender to the one who came as a prisoner.(I. Ilf, E. Petrov)

The dismemberment of a complex union usually occurs

if there is a negative particle in front of it Not , other particles or introductory word;

...AND, maybe that's why, What She knew absolutely nothing about chess; chess was not just a home game for her, a pleasant pastime, but was a mysterious art, equal to all recognized arts.(V.V. Nabokov); I wanted to make you tell me something Firstly, because listening is less tiring...(M.Yu. Lermontov); At the first glance at Nikolai's face, she saw that he had arrived just to fulfill the duty of courtesy...(L.N. Tolstoy);

if the first part is included in a series of homogeneous members or parallel structures;

At the same time he had to make great efforts how to not to lose control of the game, so also in order to do not get out of the state of play...(V.V. Nabokov) But from strong excitement or, as others specify, because His hands were slippery after the peach, and he couldn’t unfasten his holster.(F. Iskander). Yashka tried to persuade me to stay the night, but I refused. AND because was in a hurry and because I would have offended our people, whom I did not visit. He said he reminds me of it again not to simplify the feat of Kolcheruky, and in order to young people were once again convinced of the advantage of bold decisions. But or because he was not satisfied with just the Frenchman, or because he slept through the night, during the day he climbed into the bushes, into the very middle of the French...(L.N. Tolstoy).

If the subordinate clause precedes the main clause, a comma cannot be placed before the second part of the conjunction.

While I was deep in the resolution of this issue, the key turned in the lock of my dungeon. (L.N. Tolstoy) Since the formidable judge gave me the omniscience of a prophet, in the hearts of people I read the pages of malice and vice.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Exercises

1. What numbers need commas in place?

The Greeks believed (1) that their beloved Homer (2) had a rival named Hesiod. They kept a legend (3) about (4) how two poets competed in poetic skill. Hesiod emerged victorious - and not (5) because (6) because Homer was worse (7) but (8) because (9) because his poems were about war (10) and Hesiod sang peace.

Answer. 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10.

2. Which sentence has no punctuation errors?

1) After the story with the anonymous letter died down, Kolcheruky’s relative again, through one person, carefully reminded him about the heifer. (F. Iskander)

2) Finally, he told his relative to listen and look closely at those around him, so that at the first suspicion he could give him, Kolcheruky, a signal... (F. Iskander)

Answer. 3.

The junction of two unions

If two conjunctions follow in a row in a sentence, then a comma is usually placed between them; in this case, the subordinate clause, which begins with the second conjunction in order, can be omitted or moved to another place:

It occurs to me what, bye we are looking for them, they have returned to our place and are waiting for us.

, (what, (yet), ...).

(Wed: It occurs to me What they have returned to our place and are waiting for us.) They are so used to this that what, when one of the students forgot to perform duty duties, the teachers, amid the approving noise of the class, forced me to erase from the board or drag physical equipment into the classroom. Tell him what if I will die soon, it will be possible to come to him without an offering...(F. Iskander)

But if it is impossible to remove the subordinate clause starting with the second conjunction without restructuring the entire sentence, then a comma is not placed between the conjunctions; this usually happens if the second subordinating conjunction has a second clause ( if... then, when... then, although... but).

what if her father will demand her, That will have to give it back.

, (what _ (if), then...)

(If you remove the second clause, you get However, after some silence I told him, something will have to give it back). But remember what if you won't kill me, That I won't miss...(M.Yu. Lermontov) Vorobyaninov turned out to be a mediocre railway hare, and since his attempts to board the train were unsuccessful, That he had to speak near the Flower Garden as a former trustee of the school district.(I. Ilf, E. Petrov).

If the subordinate clause comes after the connecting conjunction (at the beginning of the sentence, after the period), then a comma is never placed after the conjunction A, usually not placed after And, usually placed after the conjunction however and may or may not be placed after the conjunction But.

What if To add to what has been said that Chapter. Ex. was bringing a large basket of divine peaches to Moscow, tender and yellow, like freshly hatched chickens, everything becomes even more understandable and humane. And although Everyone, of course, knew that the train was approaching Moscow; the announcer’s reminder was pleasant.(F. Iskander) And so that no one figured out his second and main life, he led a miserable existence, trying not to go beyond his forty-six-ruble salary... But since he lives on the third floor, and the work day has already ended, he quickly runs downstairs and leaves the institution...(I. Ilf, E. Petrov)

Homogeneous parts of complex sentences

There are complex sentences, parts of which can be considered homogeneous, since they are connected by a coordinating connection and at the same time have some common element: common member clauses, a common subordinate clause, or a common main clause for two or more clauses. Such sentences are subject to the rules of punctuation for homogeneous members; in particular, a comma is not placed between homogeneous parts if they are connected by a single conjunction and, or, either.

Examples of complex sentences with homogeneous subordinate clauses.

Think about what will happen when the tournament is over_ and when all the guests leave.

, (what), (when) and (when).

We see that the blond plays well, and the brunette plays poorly.

, (what), a ().

While the Scriabin was preparing for further voyage, while the captain was talking into the phone with the engine room and the furnaces were blazing, heating the water, the brass band went ashore again and, to everyone’s pleasure, began playing dances.

(bye), (bye)_ and (), .

Ippolit Matveyevich wandered to the source only when the musicians were putting down their music stands, the festive audience was leaving, and only loving couples were breathing heavily in the skinny alleys of the “Flower Garden”.(I. Ilf, E. Petrov)

, (when), () and ().

Examples of compound sentences with a member common to two parts.

Sleepy figures entered “France” and the cries of a ram were heard as they were dragged by the legs into the kitchen. Tickets were purchased to Batum and seats were reserved in second class on the Pestel steamer.(I. Ilf, E. Petrov)

An example of a complex syntactic construction (sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection), where two parts connected by a coordinating connection have a common subordinate clause:

As the chaise approached the porch, his eyes became more cheerful and his smile widened more and more.(N.V. Gogol)

(as), _ and .

One-word clause

If a subordinate clause consists of only one connective word - a relative pronoun or adverb, it is not separated by a comma from the main one.

Don't know for whom, but I resurrected you.(A.S. Griboyedov) " I don't know Why“, she continued, having recovered. The people of this former army fled with their leaders, without knowing Where. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Exercises

1. Indicate which numbers should be replaced by commas.

When five minutes passed after the bell rang (1) and no one had yet entered (2) there was such a premonition of happiness (3) that it seemed that the heart could not stand it (4) if, after all, the glass door opened now (5) and the geographer, out of habit almost running, he will fly into the classroom. (V.V. Nabokov)

Answer. 2, 3, 4.

2. Which sentence has punctuation error?

1. ...Lieutenant Gernet said that if Pushkin had not been a psychologist, then a monument to him would not have been erected in Moscow. (A.P. Chekhov)

2. ...Ivan Ivanovich goes to Peter Petrovich, and everyone in the city knows why. (I.A. Goncharov)

3. And the worst thing was that when he said this joke of a rich reveler, I noticed that she smiled into the already sipped glass... (F. Iskander)

4. I manage to figure out that if she is horrified with shame or disgust when I kiss her, I will try to explain this with my deranged state. (F. Iskander)

5. But fate dictated that, before meeting Ernest Pavlovich, Ostap had to stay for two hours to sign a small protocol. (I. Ilf, E. Petrov)

Answer. 3.

3. Indicate which numbers must be replaced by commas and where a comma is possible, but not required.

Just as (1) an impatient young man (2) waits for the hour of a date (3) I waited for one in the morning. But (4) only the conductress pulled the rope (5) and the tram started moving (6) the cat acted like anyone (7) who is expelled from the tram (8) but (9) who still needs to go. (M.A. Bulgakov)

Answer. 3, 6, 7, 8; 4.

Answer the questions:

1) Is it possible to put a comma before the second part of a complex subordinating conjunction if the subordinate clause precedes the main clause?

2) Which complex sentences are subject to the rules of punctuation with homogeneous members?

To use a comma or not to use a comma? - this is one of the complex and invariably relevant problems of Russian punctuation. This dictionary-reference book is devoted to this problem, which covers over one and a half thousand word usages associated with difficulties of punctuation. This is the first experience in Russian lexicography of a reference book on punctuation, built on the alphabetical principle. The headings in it are words and combinations, the use of which in writing associated with punctuation difficulties. The dictionary is addressed to the widest range of readers, everyone who writes in Russian - school and lyceum students, applicants, students, Russian language teachers, editors and proofreaders, philologists, translators.

A.
Maybe a particle
Does not require punctuation.
Perhaps as a souvenir involuntarily // The one who sang you will come to you... A. Pushkin, El. N. Ushakova. But maybe even there, in Europe, there was a lot of pressure too - all sorts of Mongols. I. Bunin, Village. The foreman suggested waiting for two hours, maybe it would disperse again. V. Bykov, To Live Until Dawn.

AND ALSO, conjunction (in an exclamatory sentence)
Used with a hint of reproach, irony, condemnation to attach a sentence or part of a complex sentence that contains an indication of what the information provided in the previous part does not correspond to. No punctuation is required after the words “and also.”
You are a coward, and also a captain! F. Dostoevsky, Demons. How timid you are... And you also take it upon yourself to escort girls! E. Maltsev, From the bottom of my heart.

NAMELY, union
A. Introduces explanatory members into the sentence - words or phrases that specify what is being said before the conjunction. Explanatory members of the sentence, attached by the conjunction “namely”, are isolated.
On the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first executions, namely September 29, 1966, people from all over Kyiv flocked to Babi Yar. A. Kuznetsov, Babi Yar. The latter was a member of the Cabinet of Ministers, namely a fellow minister of information. V. Aksenov, Crimea Island.
B. Opens an exhaustive enumeration. A comma is placed before the conjunction and a colon after it.

CONTENT
Preface
Structure of a dictionary entry
Dictionary
Appendix 1. Punctuation for phrases with non-primitive prepositions
Appendix 2. Punctuation for introductory words and combinations
Appendix 3. Punctuation in constructions with compound subordinating conjunctions
Alphabetical index of words and combinations
List of used literature.

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Abstract

Russian language lesson in grade 11 “A”.

Lesson topic"Difficult cases of punctuation

(Preparation for UNT)"

Teacher of Russian language and literature – Tyumeneva V.I.

Lesson objectives:

repetition and generalization of knowledge in the section: “Syntax of simple and complex sentences”

consolidation and practice of skills in placing punctuation marks before a conjunctionANDin simple and complex sentences

consolidation and development of skills in setting punctuation marks in the BSP.

consolidation and development of skills and abilities related to various types of analysis of text as a speech work

development of skills in performing test control tasks related to the analysis of linguistic phenomena presented in the text

strengthening the skills of independent research of poetic text within the framework of the designated topic.

Lesson objectives:

to intensify the work of students with test tasks, creative tasks based on the material of the proposed texts.

explain punctograms in a simple sentence, SSP, BSP.

distinguish between SSP and BSP as a means of expressiveness in the text.

Equipment:

computer

project screen

portraits of S. Yesenin, A.S. Pushkin

presentation

handout

Lesson progress

I. Voicing the objectives of the lesson: slide 2. Teacher: « Texts and poems will introduce you to the features of the poetic style of Yesenin and Pushkin. The study of poetic and prose texts will help determine new possibilities for SSP and BSP.”

2. A fragment of a song plays performed by Bezrukov “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry.” On the screen is a landscape sketch and a portrait of S.A. Yesenin. Slide 3

3. Working with text. Slide 4.

Uch those who are reading are readingfragment of an article by A. Marchenko, a famous researcher of Yesenin’s creativity.

Questions to the text. Slides 5-7

1. Choose the most appropriate title for this text.

A) Nature in Yesenin’s poetry

B) Singer of Spring

B) The world of Yesenin’s colors

D) The last poet of the village Answer: B

2. What question cannot be answered in the text?

A) How did Yesenin captivate his readers?

B) What are characteristic features Yesenin style?

C) For what purpose did Yesenin use color epithets in his lyrical works?

D) Why did Yesenin never depict winter landscapes? Answer: G

3. Which sentence uses a simile?

A) 2 B) 4 C) 9 D)8

Answer: G

4. In sentence No. 10, the author uses a metaphorical expression

"aesthetic tuning fork" Which interpretation most accurately expresses

the meaning of this expression?

A) A special “mental device” that allows you to draw such images,

which most fully convey the thoughts and feelings of the poet.

B) A figurative designation of reader rumor, whose opinion is always

guided by the poet while working on his works.

nature.

pressing social problems. Answer: A

5. Among sentences 8-11, find a sentence with an introductory word.

Enter its number. Answer: No. 9

6. Determine the main function of the conjunction AND in sentences No. 1 – 5.

Answer: connected homogeneous part of the sentence

7. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Reading Yesenin's poems,

A) you discover the enchanting beauty of a world that you had not noticed before.

B) a feeling of ardent love for our native land is born in our souls.

C) some exciting, trembling feeling comes to your heart.

D) we see vivid pictures of our native nature.

Answer: A

Result: What helped you figure it out test tasks to the text?

4. Work in groups. Exercise:mini-study “Difficult cases of punctuation” (placing a comma in a simple sentence and SSP before the conjunction And, drawing up diagrams). Speech by group representatives. Slides 8-12.

Options for sentences from S. Yesenin’s poems:

A) In a simple sentence between homogeneous members with a single union.

I love the murmur of violent waters(?)

AND on the wave of the star shine.

Tipped back (?) And got heavy

B) In a complex sentence between parts of the BSC, which have a common minor clause

There blue and fire more airy(?) And a lighter veil of smoke.

(S. Yesenin)

between simple sentences , connected by a single union And, since there is a general clause

AND I rocked my granddaughter on my leg. (S. Yesenin)

IN) If the conjunction AND connects two noun clauses

Small forest. Steppe(?) And given. (S. Yesenin)

D) A simple sentence, complicated by homogeneous predicates connected by a conjunction, homogeneous circumstances and additions connected by a conjunction, an isolated circumstance, expressed by an adverbial phrase.

Then you go to the graveyard (?) and, staring at the stone point-blank,

(S. Yesenin)

D) SSP (, -)

Pastures and fields are drowning in the blue radiance of the day(?)

AND

I will shout (?) and someone will answer me from the mountain

Conclusion: Analysis of Yesenin’s poetic texts helps to consolidate the rules of punctuation and consciously apply them.

5. On the screen are slides 13-17 depicting favorite places, landscape sketches based on the poetic works of A.S. Pushkin. Students read fragments from the poems “Autumn”, “Winter Morning”. Teacher: “In these poems, Pushkin often uses BSP and SSP with a connecting conjunction And. This is no coincidence. BSP and SSP are used as a means of expression along with other means. The goal of the next stage of the lesson: to consolidate knowledge of the punctuation of SSP and BSP, to show their use as means of expressiveness.”

6. Slides 18-19 “Painting by I.E. Repin “Pushkin’s speech at the Lyceum exam”

Class assignment: Designing a BSC with a connecting union And . Student answers. Reading the original text and the modified one. What has changed in the text?

At the table are numerous members of the examination committee. (i) Among them is Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin. Rising from his seat and putting his hand to his ear, Derzhavin listens attentively to the reading of young Pushkin.
Pushkin stands in the middle of the hall, two steps away from the poet, respected by all. (and) He is happy and scared. In a ceremonial uniform, white trousers, high boots, with his right hand extended forward, the young poet reads with extraordinary animation. (i) A bright, joyful feeling fills everyone present in the hall.

Conclusion: Compound sentences, together with other means of language, help the artist express his feelings more accurately, fully, and emotionally.

7. Collective study of poetic texts by A.S. Pushkin(students of races

put punctuation marks in the proposed passages) Slides 20-22.

He sang love - but the voice was sad(?)

Alas! he knew love only torment...

V. Zhukovsky

I remember a wonderful moment(?)

You appeared before me,

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty. (To A.P. Kern)

Lelya(?) will lower them with a smile

There is a triumph of modest graces in them;

Raphael's angel will raise (?)

This is how the deity contemplates. (“Her Eyes” 1828)

8. Work in groups: mini-research “The role of BSP in the stylistic originality of A.S. Pushkin” Slides 23-26.

“On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”(Audio recording)

The darkness of night lies on the hills of Georgia;
Aragva makes noise in front of me.

My sadness is full of you.

Possible answer:
1st BSP of a simple and clear structure at the very beginning of the poem accurately conveys general signs, as if identifying marks of the landscape. This is not even a description of nature in the full sense of the word, but an extremely generalized designation of the places that the poet observes, as well as an indication of the time of day: the hills of Georgia, Aragva, the darkness of the night. The presence of Pushkin himself is briefly indicated by the words: Aragva is making noise in front of me.

The 2nd BSP consists of 3 parts: the first two parts are almost not common, because in them the grammatical foundations convey the poet’s mood, clarify the nature of his state, and the secondary members only indicate the one who experiences this state.

BSPs allow you to briefly and very clearly and expressively convey the origin and development of the author’s feelings.

Semicolons at the beginning of the poem emphasize the separateness and fragmentation of the poet’s impressions and moods. Each part of the BSP is pronounced here in one breath, thanks to this, intonation and rhythm are created that seem to convey the breath of the author himself.

Fragments from the novel “Eugene Onegin” Slides 27-30

Possible answers:

1. Using the example of the novel “Eugene Onegin”, we can consider the cause-and-effect meaning of non-union sentences. So in stanza XXIX Pushkin talks about the reason for his love for balls:

On days of fun and desires

I was crazy about balls:

And for delivering a letter.

Continuing to talk about balls, the poet talks about two women’s legs, “which disturb the heart,” they leave no traces in the snow, because they love the “luxurious touch of carpets”:

Nurtured in eastern bliss,

On the northern sad snow

You left no traces:

You loved soft carpets

A luxurious touch.

2. In chapter three, Tatyana talks to her nanny at night. In her answers we hear the reason for her poor health:

I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here!..

I'm not sick:

I know, NANNY, I'm in love.

Leave me: I'm in love.

She's the darkening eyes

Doesn't lift: flares up violently

She greets two friends

Can't hear, tears from my eyes

They want to drip already; already ready

The poor thing is going to faint...

Conclusion: BSP is given rhythmic and melodic characteristics, greater psychological coloring, a certain touch of original intimacy, and special conciseness, which presupposes on the part of the reader the ability to grasp thoughts faster. The absence of a union connection gives the character of liveliness, natural conversationality and emotionality of speech.

9. Summing up. Slide 31.

Punctuation marks in a simple sentence and SSP before the conjunction and;

Punctuation marks in BSP;

SSP and BSP as a means of expression in the poetry of S.A. Yesenin and A.S. Pushkin.

10 Reflection: speech by group commanders

11. Homework: analysis of poems by S.A. Yesenin or A.S. Pushkin (1-2), write out complex sentences, explain punctograms, the role of SSP and BSP in conveying content. Slide 32.

12. Testing your knowledge of punctuation: individual test execution (computer)

Application

Handouts

Text 1

(1) A great artist, Yesenin ignited the audience with the freshness and bright colors of his work. (2) The poet captivated his first readers by leading them through the beautiful land they had forgotten, forcing them to feel the silk of grass, remember the whisper and silence of nature, and absorb its smells with their whole being.

(3) Yesenin filled the Ryazan landscapes with blue, filling both the fields and the thickets with either a delicate or almost black blue, by which we clearly recognize his hand. (4) In an effort to give the landscape sonority, the poet saturated it with crimson and red flowers, but rarely used them. (5) Saved rowan and scarlet colors made the poetic images clear and tangible.

6) The poet saw his destiny in a “golden blossom.” (7) In yellow-golden color Yesenin saw the horn above the roof, the valley illuminated by the sun, and even the greenery of the trees.

(8) Often the poet’s landscape was designed in two colors: a blue stripe of a nearby river and a yellow spot of a distant grove, scarlet, as if lit by the light of fire, clothes of Rus' and a shawl with a green border, a red-wool camel and the yellow hump of dawn.

(9) Red, yellow, green and, of course, blue colors formed the main flavor of Yesenin’s landscape lyrics. (10) The innate precision of the poet’s artistic vision served him as an aesthetic tuning fork. (11) Among this riotous multicolor, Yesenin’s verbal gait became clearer and easier. (A. Marchenko)

Text 2

At the table are numerous members of the examination committee. Among them is Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin. Rising from his seat and putting his hand to his ear, Derzhavin listens attentively to the reading of young Pushkin.
Pushkin stands in the middle of the hall, two steps away from the poet, respected by all. He is happy and scared. In a ceremonial uniform, white trousers, high boots, with his right hand extended forward, the young poet reads with extraordinary animation. A bright, joyful feeling fills everyone present in the hall.

Texts "Difficult cases of punctuation"

1. I love the murmur of violent waters(?)

AND on the wave of the star shine.

2. Tipped back (?) And got heavy

My golden head. (S. Yesenin)

3. There blue and fire more airy(?) And a lighter veil of smoke.

(S. Yesenin)

4. But if you were at home from the beginning,

Then I would now have a daughter-in-law (?)

AND I rocked my granddaughter on my leg. (S. Yesenin)

5. Small forest. Steppe(?) Andgiven. (S. Yesenin)

6. Then you go to the graveyard (?) and, staring straight at the stone,

You sigh so tenderly(?) and simply for my brothers(?) and sisters.

(S. Yesenin)

7. Pastures and fields are drowning in the blue light of the day(?)

AND greenery ripens happily over the arable land.

8 I will shout (?) and the mountain will answer me

Texts “The role of BSP in the stylistic originality of A.S. Pushkin”

1. The darkness of night lies on the hills of Georgia;
Aragva makes noise in front of me.
I feel sad and light; my sadness is light;
My sadness is full of you.

2. On days of fun and desires

I was crazy about balls:

Or rather, there is no room for confessions

And for delivering a letter.

3. Nurtured in eastern bliss,

On the northern sad snow

You left no traces:

You loved soft carpets

A luxurious touch.

4. I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here!..

I'm not sick:

I know, NANNY, I'm in love.

Leave me: I'm in love.

5. She has darkening eyes

Doesn't lift: flares up violently

She has a passionate heat; she's stuffy, stuffy;

She greets two friends

Can't hear, tears from my eyes

They want to drip already; already ready

The poor thing is going to faint...

Tests "Difficult cases of punctuation"

Option 1

1. Provide the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence:

Outside the outskirts they began to sing () and the melody of an ancient Russian song echoed with unexpected pain in Vladimir’s soul.

1) The sentence is complex, a comma is placed before the conjunction AND.

2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.

3) The sentence is complex, there is no comma before the conjunction.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction. And no comma is needed.

Our country is rich in true talents () and many types of folk art are widely known and highly valued not only here, but also abroad.

1) A comma in place of brackets is needed because the conjunction AND connects parts of a complex sentence.

2) A comma in place of brackets is not needed, because the conjunction AND connects homogeneous members of the sentence.

3) A comma in place of parentheses is not needed, because the parts of a complex sentence connected by the conjunction AND have a common minor member.

4) A comma in place of brackets is needed because the conjunction AND joins repeated homogeneous members of the sentence.

Old, tanned, broad-shouldered, strapping-legged Cossacks, with graying mustaches and black mustaches, having rolled up their trousers, stood knee-deep in the water () and pulled the canoes from the shore with a strong rope.

1) A comma in place of brackets is needed because the conjunction AND connects homogeneous members of the sentence.

2) A comma in place of brackets is not needed, because the conjunction AND connects parts of a complex sentence.

3) A comma in place of brackets is not needed, because the conjunction AND connects homogeneous members of the sentence.

4) A comma in place of parentheses is not needed, because the conjunction AND connects parts of a complex sentence that have a common minor member.

4. Choose the correct explanation of the punctogram in this sentence.

You walk through the spring forest () and are amazed at the lush power of the earth, giving life to everything on it.

1) The sentence is complex, so a comma is needed.

2) The sentence is simple, but there are homogeneous members, so a comma is needed.

5. BSP, in which a semicolon is placed.

6. BSP, in which there is a colon.

7. BSP, in which there is a dash.

8. BSP with comparison value:

1) The wind blew, everything trembled and laughed. (M.G.)

2) The nightingale sings the word. (L.)

3) June has come for fishing, spit.

4) Called yourself a load and climb into the back.

9. In what case is a comma needed before the conjunction AND?

1)) He wanted to say that he would never go to ParisAndthat he will not see his homeland.

2) A horn is blowing in the yardAnd

3) Windows to the garden are raisedAnd

4) Silence And desolation.

10. When is there no need for a comma before the conjunction And?

1) The sun has set AndIt started to get dark quickly.

2) Freezer And

Andthe bread in the fields has not ripened!

4) Cold air is blowing from the windowAnd It's snowing.

Option 2

1. Choose the correct explanation of the punctogram in this sentence.

In the hot summer in the taiga it is stuffy, hot () and every traveler soon becomes unbearably thirsty.

1) The sentence is complex, so a comma is needed before the conjunction I.

2) The sentence is simple, but there are homogeneous members, so a comma is needed before the conjunction AND.

3) The parts of a complex sentence are connected by the conjunction AND, so a comma is not used.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members connected by the union And, so a comma is not needed.

2. Provide the correct explanation for the punctuation in the sentence:

From the mountain there was a wonderful view of a large lake framed by spiky fir trees () and everyone wanted to photograph this picture.

3) A complex sentence, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.

3. Provide the correct explanation for the punctuation in the sentence:

Already in the 20s of the 19th century, trains doubled and tripled the speed of the fastest horse () and became the best remedy movement.

1) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And a comma is not needed.

2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction. And a comma is not needed.

3) Complex sentence, a comma is needed before the conjunction AND.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.

4. Provide the correct explanation for the punctuation in the sentence:

The table was being set in the house () and women were bustling about animatedly, sorting out the purchases they had brought.

1) Complex sentence, before the conjunction And no comma is needed.

2) A complex sentence, before the conjunction And a comma is not needed, since the parts of a complex sentence have a common minor member.

3) The parts of a complex sentence are connected by the conjunction AND, so a comma is placed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members connected by the union And, so a comma is needed.

5. In what case does the conjunction And connect the parts of the BSC?

1) The corridors and the large room were bare and empty and seemed unusually spacious and bright.

2) The blizzard was chalk and chilled the blood.

3) It becomes fresher, and the mountains, fanned by the sea air, take on purple tones.

4) Only thoughts rush and beat and welcome that restlessness.

6. In what case is a comma needed before the conjunction AND?
1) He wanted to say that he would never go to ParisAndthat he will not see his homeland.

2) A horn is blowing in the yardAnddogs howl at different voices.

3) Windows to the garden are raisedAndFrom there a brisk autumn coolness blows.

4) Silence And desolation.

7. In what case is a comma not needed before the conjunction And?

1) The sun has set AndIt started to get dark quickly.

2) Freezer Andbeyond the snowy fields, in the west, dimly shining through the clouds, the dawn was yellow.

3) And forests would not grow without the sunAndthe grain in the fields did not ripen.

4) Cold air is blowing from the window And It's snowing.

8. BSP, in which a semicolon is placed.

1) The horses started moving, the bells rattled, the wagon flew off. (P.)

2) I waited, grabbing the horned branch for the moment of battle, my heart suddenly lit up with a thirst for fight and blood.

3) My custom is signed so off my shoulders. (Gr.)

4) The rank followed him; he suddenly left the service. (Gr.)

9. BSP, in which there is a colon.

1) You can’t catch up with the crazy troika; they are well-fed and strong and lively. (N.)

2) The cheese fell out with him, that was the trick. (TO.)

3) Comrade, believe that she will rise, she will be a star of captivating happiness. Russia will awaken from her sleep... (A.S. Pushkin)

4) If there was a back, there would be guilt.

10. BSP, in which there is a dash.

1. Suddenly I feel someone takes me by the shoulder and pushes me. (T.)

2. I am sad because I love and know your blooming youth will not be spared by rumors of insidious persecution. (M.Yu. Lermontov)

3. A chatterbox is like a pendulum, both must be stopped. (K. Prutkov)

4) A ray of sun will fall on the grass and the grass will flash with emerald and pearls. (M.G.)