Planning a personal plot is an event that requires a focused, competent and thorough approach from a person. At this stage, it is important to find the optimal balance between your desire to place a maximum of useful objects on the territory and the opportunities provided by the available land area. How to find this golden mean and what should be considered when drawing up a plan for a personal (garden) plot?
First of all, the owner of the backyard territory will need to take into account such determining conditions as:
The area and shape of the site;
Its remoteness / proximity to the street or road (the border with the street is called the "red line");
Features of the relief and soil, the degree of illumination of the territory (these nuances are important both in the construction of residential buildings and outbuildings, and in the arrangement of a garden and vegetable garden);
The presence of a source of water supply (or the need for its arrangement).
Layout of a personal plot or "everything has its place"
If the width of the site does not exceed 20-22 m and is inferior in size to the depth of the territory, then the most appropriate decision in these conditions can be called the decision to place a residential building along the central longitudinal axis - in such a way that the remoteness of the building from neighboring houses is maximum. At the same time, it is desirable that the distance from the house to the red line is at least 3 m (ideally, from 5 to 7 m).
It is preferable to place a barn, a restroom, a bathhouse, a greenhouse and other outbuildings at the far line, located on the opposite side from the border of the site with the street. For greater convenience and rational use of the available land area, household structures and other outbuildings are recommended to be combined into complex blocks erected in accordance with their purpose. Thus, a rational layout of a personal plot often provides for a compositional association of functional structures with each other (for example, a summer shower cabin with a bathhouse) or directly with a residential building (for example, such as a barn or pantry).
Often, enterprising dacha owners combine several functional premises under the roof of one outbuilding at once - such as a summer kitchen, a small shed for storing garden tools, building materials and light equipment, as well as a lavatory with a shower. This approach can also be applied to rational methods use of the available space. At the same time, the most simple example the constructive solution here is the initial erection of a wooden frame of the building, followed by sheathing it with boards and / or corrugated slate. The roof of such a building can be made of roofing felt or asbestos-cement sheets (the same slate).
Another rational solution is to combine a summer shower with a restroom and then place them in the corner of the site opposite the outbuilding. In the same part, there are often enclosures for small animals and birds that do not tolerate the noise coming from the street.
Speaking about the choice of a place for a garage, it should be noted that almost always the plan of a personal plot provides for its location as close as possible to the entrance to the territory - so that the garage gate is on the same level with the fence of the site (fence) and goes directly to the street. With this arrangement of the building for the car (when the gate faces the side of the street), an additional door is made in the garage leading to the site. It is noteworthy that when building a garage, many owners of summer cottages and country houses equip it with an inspection hole with a depth of about 1.6-1.7 m, which creates convenience for motorists when inspecting or repairing a vehicle.
An alternative option for a garage can be a canopy, which is most often erected using metal pipes (from 8 cm in diameter) with the subsequent arrangement of a sloping roof with slate or roofing material along a crate of 40x40 mm bars, fixed every 20-30 cm along wooden beams with a section of 100x100 mm . At the same time, the height from ground level to the lowest ledges usually varies from 1.9 to 2 meters.
Land plot planning almost always involves the further construction of a small bath with dry or wet steam. A bathhouse can be built both separately from other buildings, and in association, for example, with a toilet or a garden shower. The steam room is most often made small in order to further reduce the time for warming up the room.
The decoration of any cottage can become a small decorative pool, which is usually located not far from recreation areas - gazebos, barbecue areas, terraces. Often this reservoir is used as a shallow and safe children's pool. Its length can be up to 3 m (with a width of 1.5 m and a depth of 0.5-0.7 m). The walls of the decorative pool are laid out on a half-brick cement mortar with jointing or further cladding with Metlakh tiles (preferably foreign-made). The bottom is also tiled (preferably plain background) or simply made of colored concrete. The walls of the pool are raised 10-15 cm above ground level, their sides are edged with bricks and decorated with natural stone, living or artificial vegetation.
In addition to useful and necessary buildings in country life yard plan may include elements of small architectural forms- pergolas, gazebos, garden benches, trellises, etc. Skillfully arranging these structures on the territory of your country house, you can rationally use the available area, distributing it into many functional zones.
When planning a personal plot, special attention should be paid to the design and further arrangement of pathsconnecting all the erected objects. For greater convenience and safety in operation, the paths are made using a solid, non-slip material - natural stone, crushed stone, substandard brick, gravel. When designing the location of the tracks, you need to consider that their number should be minimal, and the location should be thought out in accordance with the general plan.
If the territory is characterized by a complex terrain, replete with sharp slopes and elevation changes, then you should think about building retaining walls and stairs made of stone, logs or bricks. Worthy fit into the surrounding landscape and gabions - structures that are able to act as supporting structures, while performing a decorative function.
In an effort to use the available space with maximum benefit, one should not forget that the best decoration of the landscape at all times has been Live nature, so it makes sense to try to arrange everything in such a way as to preserve the natural color of the site, its topography and pristine charm. In advance, try to think over the location of the well (mine) and compost pit, which can also be decorated in accordance with the environment.
The vegetable garden and the garden in the project drawing are usually placed near the source of water supply or the main outbuilding. Separate trees and berry bushes, flower beds, flower beds and lawns, as the most picturesque elements of the landscape, are located near the house.
At the final stage, planning a personal plot involves the construction of a fence - both artificial and living. Most often, deaf structures made of boards or profiled sheets act as artificial fencing, lattice structures made of poles and beams, as well as mesh structures made of chain-link mesh. In turn, hedges, divided into high and curb ones, are usually equipped with ornamental shrubs - honeysuckle, hawthorn, yellow acacia,.
Before the owners, acquiring land for a summer residence, a lot of tasks arise, the main of which is the improvement of a summer cottage. Just building a house or a temporary house on it is not enough, because the cottage is traditionally considered the best place to relax (active or not) in nature, and it should be comfortable. In the process of arranging the backyard territory, there are no trifles, and in order for your dacha to become truly comfortable and beautiful, you need to pay attention to everything: from fences and paths to lawns and flower beds.
Cozy backyard with your own hands. Where to begin?
Every backyard needs improvement.Landscaping a summer residence should begin with cleaning the territory. The yard should be cleared of last year's foliage, various debris, uproot stumps, remove large stones and other similar objects.
Then you can proceed directly to the improvement. In order to equip a personal plot with your own hands in the shortest possible time and at the same time achieve a harmonious combination of all elements of landscape design, you must act consistently. This will help you draw up a plan for future work.
Preparatory work and planning
Given the importance of planning, the first task is to draw up a project of work. To do this, you will need to complete a drawing with the existing buildings and trees marked on it, as well as the marked boundaries of the site.
Then you should decide if you want to clean something. If there are already fruit trees on the territory, then it is better to save them, since it will take a lot of time to grow new ones.
The remaining free places can be filled with garden paths, flower beds, gazebos and everything that you would like to see in your country house. Usually at their summer cottage they place:
- Recreation area. There are awnings, etc.
- . If you have children, it would be wise to take care of their leisure time in the country by installing a sandbox, swing or slide.
- Territory for economic needs. This part of the cottage is reserved for buildings such as, (if it is not provided for in the house), a fertilizer storage.
- Garden. It is recommended to place it on the north side of the site to provide the plants with the maximum amount of sunlight.
- Garden. Almost any place, not too shaded and not swampy, is suitable for it.
It is important to correctly identify functional areas These zones can be called basic, although optional. Still, a lot depends on the size of the site and the personal preferences of the owners. A vegetable garden is more important to someone, and someone just wants to enjoy the rest surrounded by neat lawns.
Whatever you prefer, the fact that the cottage should be well-groomed is beyond doubt. An important role in this is played by the arrangement of a decent fence for the site.
Site fencing: choose the right one
What fence is better to choose for a summer residence? The most reliable and presentable will be a fence made of stone or brick, as well as forged. However, these options are quite expensive and, if you do not plan to spend a lot, you can get by with a wooden palisade or.
True, in the case of wattle fence, the reliability of protecting your site from unwanted intrusions is very doubtful. Therefore, such a fence is recommended to be additionally strengthened with a chain-link mesh.
Reliable fence made of corrugated board and brickwork The mesh itself, fixed between the supports, can also serve as a fence, and to make it look more attractive and hide the site from prying eyes, you can plant shrubs, climbing plants or flowers along it. At the fence, hawthorn, barberry, thuja, juniper, lilac, and from curly - girlish grapes, sweet peas and others will look appropriate.
Garden paths and paths
- a mandatory attribute of any site. To make your movement around the cottage more convenient, and its general appearance to be harmonious, you should take care of arranging paths that unite all functional areas. It is better if they are all done in the same style.
Sandy
The easiest way to make sand paths. To do this, you need to mark their contours with a rope, remove soil about 20 cm deep from the surface of the future path, fill it up, pour water over it and compact the gravel. Then comes another layer of gravel, finer, and, finally, a layer of sand, preferably with stone chips. Such a mixture today can be easily purchased at the store, its shades are very different, so the path will be not only practical, but also beautiful.
The laid sandy path is carefully compacted and framed with a brick or concrete curb. The recommended height of such a fence is 5 cm above the level of the track. Flowers or shrubs are usually planted on the sides. They visually highlight the path and at the same time strengthen the ground near it.
Path of sand Concrete
Laying a concrete path with your own hands You can also make concrete paths. This material is more durable, besides, if you use ready-made concrete blocks, you can later change the direction of the paths by simply shifting the slabs.
However, pouring concrete mortar gives you more opportunities to create unusual shapes and smooth curves. You will have to work hard for this, but the result is worth it. The base of the path is prepared similarly to the sandy one and the formwork is mounted on the sides (it is recommended to soak it in water in advance so that the solution does not stick).
Note! Laying a reinforcing mesh under concrete greatly reduces the risk of cracking garden paths and increases their service life.
Then you should prepare the solution in the proportion - 1 part of cement, 2 sand and 4 gravel, put it in the prepared form and level it. After the concrete has set a little, you can apply patterns imitating stone to its surface.
concrete walkway In addition to sand and concrete, stones or stones can also be used for paths. brickwork. The basis for them is prepared similarly to the previous options, but installation is much more laborious. In order for the stones to lay down well, they will need to be trimmed and laid out on the cement mortar by hand, which, as you understand, is a very painstaking task.
Recreation and games area
It is unlikely that the improvement of a summer cottage can be called complete without the presence of comfortable conditions for recreation and a place specially designed for this.
Place to rest
It is best to equip this area in the garden or on the lawn. It can consist of several benches and a table (the easiest option), as well as a gazebo, a full-fledged dining place, a barbecue and other attributes necessary for cultural recreation.
If you plan to place a brazier on the site or, pay attention to its distance from housing and wooden buildings. For fire safety purposes, it should not be too close to them, but placing it close to the neighboring area is also undesirable.
Cozy gazebo with barbecue A significant role for a comfortable pastime in the country is played by all kinds of awnings and gazebos, which will shelter from the bright sun in the summer, and also will not allow the sudden rain to spoil your vacation. In addition, a gazebo entwined with grapes or flowers will undoubtedly decorate the backyard area. It is usually located in the center of the garden, by the pool (if one is planned) or by the playground.
Playground
Take care of a place for children's games Those who have small children or grandchildren should equip a safe play area for them in the country. It is recommended to place it closer to the house or in another well-visible place in order to be able to look after the children. If there is a swimming pool or on the site, then the playground should not be too close to it, and the reservoir itself, as a potentially dangerous place, must be protected with a dense fence.
The area under the playing area should be flat, without sharp slopes. Too shaded place should not be chosen, but too much sun will not bring benefits. To provide moderate shade, it is better to stretch an awning or install a canopy.
As for horizontal bars, slides, swings and other equipment for games, the main requirement here is safety. It is necessary to make sure that everything is securely fixed, as well as to remove stones, sharp pegs and other objects from the territory of the site that can cause injury.
Rules for landscaping a summer cottage: choose plants
After the site is delimited into the main zones, it's time to revive and decorate it with green spaces. In order for your lawns and flower beds to please the eye, you must follow all the rules for landscaping a summer cottage.
First of all, you should assess the climate, the location of the cottage, as well as the composition of the soil. It is possible that for the growth of some plants it will be necessary to additionally fertilize the land, and some may not take root at all if the climatic conditions are too harsh.
When deciding on specific types of plantings, also consider the degree of shading. After all, it is known that not all plants tolerate constant shade or sun well. The humidity of the earth is also of considerable importance - its level should be sufficient, but not excessive. It is very difficult to grow anything in a wetland, and in this case, it will be necessary to first drain the soil and select moisture-resistant plants.
Shrubs and lawn: which require less maintenance?
Of the green spaces for summer cottages, shrubs and lawns, famous for their unpretentiousness, are excellent. A well-groomed lawn always looks win-win both on its own and as a backdrop for other landscape design elements. You can buy already grown lawn in rolls, which greatly simplifies the process of gardening, or, if desired, sow and grow it yourself.
Lawns and shrubs at their summer cottage If you decide to purchase ready-made lawns, be sure to pay attention to the type of grass. Since, depending on it, they can be shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, trampling-resistant, athletic, etc. To determine which species suits you best, it makes sense to consult with the owners of nearby sites who already have practical experience in this matter.
The choice of ornamental shrubs, usually planted along fences, paths or in combination with, is also wide. The most popular are forsythia, Japanese rhododendron, dwarf spruce, jasmine, weigela and, of course, lilac. As a rule, such shrubs are unpretentious in care, and with the right place for planting and periodic trimming of extra branches, they will delight you for more than one year.
flower beds
The final touch, adding a bright touch to the general appearance of the suburban area, will be the flower beds. Almost any place can be allocated for them, since there are enough varieties of flowers, among which there are resistant to heat, moisture, and shading. To make the flower bed look well-groomed, it is worth enclosing it with a small vine fence or overlaying it with a stone, and the correct selection and arrangement of plants with different flowering periods will allow you to enjoy their beauty all summer long.
Flower bed will add bright colors Beautiful personal plots (photo)
As you can see, it is quite possible to decorate and ennoble the cottage with your own hands, although this will require considerable effort and a serious approach to business. But the result of such efforts will undoubtedly please you. And, in order to be inspired to implement your project for the improvement of the dacha, we bring to your attention beautiful personal plots, the photos of which are given below. 
To create comfortable conditions on your site, you should adopt modern achievements in the field of landscape design. Today's trends present the garden as an extension of home ownership. Therefore, the transition from indoors to outdoors should be as comfortable and inconspicuous as possible. A similar effect can be achieved by using drought-resistant plants.
Features of modern personal plots
Modern landscape designers are able to create a real recreation area on a small plot of land with a relatively modest budget. At the same time, any design is designed without interruption from the style of the building.
Many homeowners focus on environmental issues when arranging their backyard territory. To do this, small ponds are dug near the house, where exotic breeds of fish are launched. And beautifully decorated flower beds attract bees who collect nectar from fragrant flowers.
It is necessary to design a garden taking into account the individual needs of all who live near it. If you have a child, then he should have enough space to play in the garden. At the same time, it is necessary to provide a place where a children's inflatable pool will be located in the warm season.
The rest of the family should also be able to fulfill their daily needs. With a well-designed project, the whole family will be able to fully relax on a suburban area.
landscape design requirements
The main requirement for landscape design is ease of maintenance. This is due to the fact that the equipped territory cannot receive daily care due to the remoteness from the permanent residence of the owners of the dacha.
The main needs of owners of modern sites include:
- reducing the amount of resources consumed;
- effective illumination of the equipped area;
- replenishment of soil resources.
Significantly reduce water consumption by installing an automated plant watering system. The easiest way to replenish soil resources is to use organic fertilizers. After using the lawn mower, do not throw away the cut grass. It is much better to scatter it on the site.
To reduce electricity consumption, you will have to install sensors that respond to human movement. Thus, the light will not burn when no one needs it.
It is difficult to imagine a modern garden where there is no canopy or gazebo. The wooden structure will allow you to hide from the hot sun in the warm season. At the same time, you can use a spacious gazebo as an outdoor living room.
Great importance in the arrangement of the backyard territory is given to materials for paving paths. It is preferable to make paths from natural stone. If you do not have such an opportunity, then you can use crushed granite. This natural material will not only protect your plants from weeds, but also allow you to walk along clean and dry paths after rain.
If a new cottage has been built, work has been carried out to equip its internal and external design, then after that work on the improvement of the adjacent area is considered no less important. In the case of the skillful use of trees, grass, flowers, shrubs and other decorative elements, the landscaping of the territory can give the general appearance of the entire building more color and originality. In order to spend http://www.mirrasteniy.ru/» title=»landscaping in Togliatti professionally, you should use the services of garden centers.
It is these companies that, before starting work on landscaping sites, first develop a landscape design plan. At this stage, they will clarify all the details as accurately as possible, determine the progress of work, and then choose the best options for landscaping the territory. This will not only prevent possible errors, but also help reduce financial costs.
After that, a design project will be developed and the main work on landscaping the site will begin. These include planting shrubs, trees, flowers, lawn decoration, installation of alpine slides. Such work, as a rule, is carried out in spring or autumn, because. at these times of the year ornamental plants better adapted to real conditions.
Planting large trees in the area near the house is usually done in winter, because it is during this period that all vital processes of trees slow down, which reduces plant stress during transplantation.
At the same time, landscaping a personal plot is impossible without such elements as http://www.mirrasteniy.ru/products/lawn/» title=»lawn grass and shrubs. With the help of ornamental shrubs, various functional areas can be divided, which include playgrounds, a recreation area or a barbecue. At the same time, shrubs are an excellent natural disguise for some outbuildings that do not have a presentable appearance.
Flowers are an indispensable element in the landscaping of any site. They are sown with flower beds broken on the territory. Garden center specialists will not forget about one of the most interesting types of landscape design, such as vertical gardening site. Well, alpine slides, small ponds, gazebos, as well as Japanese-style stone gardens can give an even more harmonious look to the backyard. At the end of all landscape design work, a high-quality http://www.mirrasteniy.ru/products/lawn/» title=»lawn.
Thus, landscaping a personal plot is quite an exciting and creative activity. For this reason, this work should be carried out by specialists from the garden center, who, together with the owners of the backyard territory, will be able to create a real work of landscape art.
An individual residential building is located on a land plot of seasonal and permanent use with an area, as a rule, of 0.06 – 0.12 ha or 6 – 12 acres (1 acre - a piece of land measuring 10 × 10 m or 100 m 2).
When laying out the territory of the site, it is usually sought to ensure that the site occupies the shortest possible length along the front of the street, since a direct consequence of this is the reduction of all costs for the construction of roads, utilities, etc., as well as a reduction in the distance to public utilities living.
The site is an addition to the house and is used for a subsidiary farm or gardening and recreation, which obliges you to carefully consider the planning solution of the site, taking into account its subordination to the architecture of the house, the level of the economy and the interest of the family. From the side of the street, a convenient entrance and approach to the residential building should be provided for the site.
The master plan depicts the object being designed and the means of its connection with the surrounding space: sidewalks, entrances to the building, taking into account fire safety requirements; small forms; ancillary buildings; playgrounds for various purposes (household, recreational, play areas); site landscaping; area fencing. The master plan must contain the annual wind rose for the construction site specified in the task, the overall dimensions of the land plot, the distance of the house to the boundaries of the site and to outbuildings. In the presence of the terrain, it is necessary to apply real or conditional contour lines.
To increase the distance between opposite houses along the street, it is recommended to place them indented from the red building line, i.e. from the border or passage, by 5-6 m, but not less than 3 m (Fig. 3.5.1.).
In the front gardens, it is recommended to use shrub-type plantings, they visually expand the street and provide illumination of the premises in the house. In front of the windows of the living room, sometimes they arrange a platform paved with concrete slabs, brick or natural stone, closed on the sides with trellises with climbing plants. Such a platform serves as a continuation of the living room, especially with wide-opening windows.
In the project of a personal plot, it is necessary to provide for the organization of the territory with a separate location of outbuildings, a garden and a place for recreation. The premises of outbuildings are recommended to be designed in accordance with the current SNiP 2.08.01 – 85, which provides for the following areas (no more): a shed for storing household equipment - 15; premises for livestock and poultry - 40; garage for a car - 18 and a motorcycle - 6; greenhouses - 20; cellars - 8; baths – 12 m2.
Rice. 3.5.1. Examples of landscaping the main entrance:
1 - gates; 2 - fence; 3 - gate; 4 - bench; 5 - paving from concrete slabs; 6 - porch; 7 - glazed veranda; 8 - House; 9 - garage; 10 - pergola; 11 - patio; 12 - well; 13 - sidewalk; 14 - paving made of natural stone; 15 - lawn; 16 - table; 17 - swimming pool
The distance between the house and outbuildings must be at least 12 m. The garage is designed attached to the house, built-in or freestanding. It is recommended to place it closer to the entrance to the site, which will reduce the length of the passage and exclude traffic throughout the site. A residential building is being designed on a site with an indent from its border by 3 – 6 m for laying out a front garden with a flower garden and a recreation area in front of it.
Distances between buildings and trees must be at least 5 – 6 and from the borders of the adjacent plot at least half the distance between the rows for this breed. Along the border of the plot in the garden, 1 m from the fence, it is recommended to plant shrubs - raspberries and currants.
Up to 70% of the household plot is usually allocated for a vegetable garden and a garden. When laying out a garden and a kitchen garden, it is necessary to take into account the interests of neighbors - not to allow trees to occupy their estate as they grow due to improper planning. To create more favorable conditions for solar lighting, all plantings must take into account the location of the entire array of the site relative to the cardinal points.
When the site is located with the side to the north or south, it is recommended to place the garden in its western or eastern part in such a way that it forms a single array with the neighboring garden. In this case, the vegetable garden and fruit and berry bushes are placed on the other side of the site: such a layout is possible with a width of at least 20 m. - berry bushes in the depths of the estate; with this layout, the garden will be well lit by the midday sun.
The decorative design of the site provides for the creation of a recreation area or corner, sports playgrounds, flower beds, lawns and lawns, artificial reservoirs, gazebos, pergolas, trellises, etc. Equipping the patio with a fireplace-grill gives it a kind of comfort and makes it, as it were, a continuation of the residential premises.
Even relatively small plots of 300 - 400 m 2 can be designed in such a way that they give the impression of a large comfortable outdoor space. The volume of space in this case will be created by various compositions of trellises, pergolas, decorative walls made of various materials and clipped shrubs.
When designing a place for recreation, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all family members: for those who are fond of sports, allocate places on the site for sports grounds, for children - a sandbox, swings, etc. Next to the garage for washing a car and maintenance work, have a platform that can be used as outdoor workshop.
According to the current situation, the personal plot must be fenced on all sides, and its front part serves as one of the main elements of its decorative design. Fencing designs may vary.
To create comfortable conditions in a residential building, cross-ventilation is necessary, i.e., the premises must face two opposite sides of the house.
Gates and gates are the main parts of the front side of the fence, their decorative and most complex elements in execution should be organically connected with it.
For decoration, it is recommended to use the techniques inherent in the style of the estate buildings. If, for example, the house has metal bars on the windows, then in order to give the whole ensemble an architecturally finished look, it is desirable to decorate the gate and the gate in the same style.
There are many designs of gates made of various materials, but all of them must be strong enough, durable and safe - have a locking device that prevents spontaneous closing of the gate leaves in gusty winds.
All gates are performed, as a rule, according to one scheme - from two halves (leaves) with a total width of 2.2 – 2.4 m, 1.6 - 1.8 m high and gates about 1 m wide. Their design and dimensions depend primarily on the purpose of use: for example, when calculating the entrance to the yard of trucks, including heavy ones for for the transport of building materials, concrete, fertilizers, etc., the gates are made 3.2-3.4 m wide, such dimensions are also expedient from the point of view of fire safety, especially when the house is located deep in the site.