Spelling exercises online. Training exercises on spelling and punctuation Exercises on spelling

Guided by this very principle, we check the truth of a particular morpheme by selecting related words or changing the form of the word so that the Morpheme is in a strong position (under stress, before p, l, m, n, j, etc.), those. would be clearly marked.

The role of the morphological principle in spelling is great, if we keep in mind that in the Russian language there is a widely developed system of intramorphemic alternations due to various reasons.

Along with the morphological one, it also acts phonetic principle, according to which words or parts of them are written as they are pronounced. For example, prefixes with z change depending on the quality of the consonant following the prefix: before a voiced consonant, the letter z is heard and written in prefixes ( without-, through-, from-, bottom-, times-, rose-, through-, through-), and before the voiceless consonant in the same prefixes the letter s is heard and written, cf.: object - shout, beat - drink, throw down - send down etc.

The action of the phonetic principle also explains the writing of vowels o - ё after sibilants in suffixes and endings different parts speech, where the choice of the corresponding vowel depends on stress, cf.: kloch OK- but zhichek, brocade o in y - koche vo y, candle Ouch- the one whose etc.

The root vowel and after Russian consonant prefixes turns into ы and is denoted by this letter, also in accordance with the phonetic principle, i.e. written as it is heard and pronounced: background, pre-July, prank, play out etc.

There is also a historical, or traditional, principle at work in our spelling, according to which words are written as they were written before, in the old days. So, the writing of vowels and, a, y after hissing ones is an echo of the most ancient state phonetic system Russian language. Dictionary words, as well as borrowed ones, are written using the same principle. Such spellings can only be explained using the historical laws of language development as a whole.

Exists in modern spelling and principle of differentiated writing(semantic principle), according to which words are written depending on their lexical meaning, cf.: burn (verb) and burn (noun), company (group of people) and campaign (any event), ball (dance evening) and point (unit of assessment).

In addition to those mentioned in spelling, it is also necessary to note the principle of continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling: we write complex words together or with a hyphen, and combinations of words - separately.

To summarize, we can say that the variety of rules of Russian orthography is explained, on the one hand, by the peculiarities of the phonetic and grammatical structure of the Russian language, the specifics of its development, and on the other hand, by interaction with other languages, both Slavic and non-Slavic. The result of the latter is a large number of words of non-Russian origin, the spelling of which has to be memorized.

Spelling vowels in the root

Tested unstressed vowels

In the unstressed position, the same vowel is written in the root as in the corresponding stressed syllable of the same root word: reconcile (peace) - try on (trying on), weed (weeding) - burn out (fuse), sing (sing) - wash down (wash down), rinse (gargle) - caress (caress), shine (light) - dedicate (holiness), tremble (shiver) - irritate (tease), dry up (dry out) - excise (cut), winter (winter) - earth (on the ground), cast (led) - ghost (see), flutter (wind) - develop (development), reluctantly (paper clip) - grinding teeth (creaking), etc.

In some cases, this verification technique cannot be used, since different spellings of cognate words are explained by their relevance to different languages. Thus, unstressed partial vowel combinations ra, la ( gate, cut, reins, head, cloud, eke out and so on) are always written with the letter a - these are words of Old Slavonic origin; in Russian roots such combinations correspond to the full vowels oro, olo ( gate, short, furrows, head, drag).

You cannot check the unstressed vowel o in the roots of perfective verbs with imperfective forms. In the words zat to drink, to be late, to swallow, to split, but to drink and others, the vowel o is checked by cognate words p about the ass, throat, two, then peeps, although there are verbs to flood, to be late, to swallow, to bifurcate.

This rule does not apply to foreign words, since in them the tested and tested vowels can refer to morphemes of different origins. So, in the word accompaniment e ment the suffix -ement is of French origin, and in the verb accompaniment and sleep suffix -irova- - German. Wed: subscriber e ment - subscribe, engagement e ment - engage; words intellect and gentius and int e lect V Latin formed from different stems of the same root.

Exercise 1. Place stress in words and explain the spelling of unstressed vowels, choosing related words with stressed vowels.

Flagellate, favor, far away, recover, late, shabby, single, slaughter, harden, sing, wear out, break up, reign, lecture hall, stucco, miner, boil , anvil, pile up, pour in, whale, softening, take off, old-timer, careful, be surprised, encouraged, clothed with lust, move away, compact, pay, generous.

Exercise 2

1. The sea after the storm was still breathing cold and did not allow the sun to pour in the air. When a thick cloud floated on the sun, the heat intensified. The th...kick first kicked among the low h...lms, then straight and strongly pushed upward, through the dense, bushy walnut forest (Nag.). 2. In nature, animals, birds, insects are divided into day and night. Have people, in whom all nature is gathered, in the relatively short time of their existence on earth smoothed out this fundamental difference in themselves? (Priv.). 3. Mikhail pulled out his lips and tried to imitate the nightingale (Alex.). 4. The music that I heard in childhood changed in me, hardened...and those of its flights to the sky, to the stars, from which I once cried, dissolved... rushed into the heart (Ast.). 5. At midnight, a heavy rumble came over the city...the house. The wind blew through the window, blew up the curtains and rushed off again (Paust.). 6. The pike...darted, the fisherman...fell into the ice...water, but did not let go of the spear, disappeared under the...water, surfaced near the ice, climbed out...and pulled out his mouth ...reined pike (Prishv.).

Unchecked unstressed vowels

There are many words in the Russian language whose root vowels cannot be checked by stress. The spelling of such words is determined by a spelling dictionary. This includes both native Russian and borrowed words. Here are some of them: aborigine, antagonism, badminton, beefsteak, grease, lobby, vinaigrette, bagpipes, range, delicacy, airship, demagogue, dependency, initiative, bondage, cannonade, burner, criminology, holster, koschei, macaque, waste paper, obsession, charm, opportunity, optimism, panorama, eulogy, privilege, front garden, plasticine, confusion, tunnel, utilitarian, Esperanto.

Exercise 3. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters. Check the spelling of words with missing vowels in a dictionary.

I. 1. The... narely turned her pretty f... frail head, tilting it down and to the side (Kupr.). 2. Sometimes the quiet song of the k...noplyanka (M. G.) joined these loud voices of the birds. 3. Green garlands of oak leaves, mixed with bouquets of asters, g...orgins, l...vkoevs and g...zdiki, wrapped around the steel body of the car (Kupr.). 4. Everything was occupied by the gypsies, who brought a whole bunch of horses covered with p...ponies (Bui). 5. The cruiser is gone. Only a cloud of steam and smoke swirled thickly over the place, to... t... stanza (N.-Prib.). 6. The time will come (and it is not far off), the Russian language will begin to be studied in all regions of the globe (A.T.) 7. The sea surrounded the shore with continuously rotating shafts (Bun. ). 8. The forest is generous with entertainment. Either a squirrel will jump from branch to branch, or, with a deafening flapping of its wings, a grater will break out of the nut bush (Sol.). 9. We went down into the depths and, as soon as we found water, we immediately stopped among the oak woodlands (Are.). 10. The moon had already disappeared behind the close horizon of black mountains, which were visible to the right, and cast a weak and trembling half-light on their tops, sharply opposed to the impenetrable darkness that covered their soles (L. T.).

II. Av...kado, alg...rhythm, b...kalavr, gl...diator, d...ndrary, k...n...paty, m...rinist, prokl... mation, v...n...greta, g...relief, zab...tinting, k...l...ncha, k...rogaz, k...mp...novel, lum...n...scene, f...sol, b...cl...zhan, g...rpun, gr...m...zdit, zak...chenely, l. ..sq...divate, m...sol, ob...fried, p...rl...mutr, forward...rd, water...rel, b...athlon, c. ..crusty, v...rn...soot.

III. Zaind...vely, k...rburetor, k...rosin, k...gorta, l...wanda, m...l...nholik, m...zaika, n... cturne, p...mflet, p...t...canthrop, v...deville, d...letant, id...al...zatsion, k...nguru, n... in...waiting, about...grit, per...skop, r...zeda, f...vater, g...g...monia.

Alternating vowels in roots

Writing alternating vowels in roots e/i; o/a; a/i/im; p/o/in depends on stress; the nature of the consonant preceded by the vowel at the root; from the suffix following the root; from the lexical meaning of the roots.

1. With emphasis, i.e. According to the phonetic principle, the spelling of vowels in the following roots is determined:

Gar-/-gor- - under stress it is written a: zag a r, uga r, naga r; without accent - o: zag oh mature, burn out, burn out, burn out, burnout.

Exceptions: in y garki(specialist.), and sunrise(dial.), pr and gary(colloquial);

Zar-/-zor- - a vowel is written under stress in accordance with the pronunciation: z and roar, dawn, dawn; without accent - a : z and rya, for the roar, to illuminate, illumination, for the roar, for the ryanka.

Exception: s oh roar;

Klan-/-clone- - a vowel is written under stress in accordance with the pronunciation: kl and bow, bow; without accent - o: pokl bow down, worship, bow down etc.;

Tvar-/-tvor- - a vowel is written under stress in accordance with the pronunciation: tv oh god, creature; without accent - o: tv about to transform, to transform, to accomplish etc.

Exception: approved ary(non-derivative);

Plav-/-pilaf- - in an unstressed position the letter o is written in only two words: pl oh boy, you bastard. In other cases it is written a:pl and vuchy, float, fin, swimmer(swimming beetle). In the word pl y wun(special) is written ы in accordance with the pronunciation.

2. The quality of the consonant preceded by the root vowel determines the spelling of the roots:

Kas-/-kos(n)- - before the consonant n it is written about: k about dreaming, dreaming; in other cases - a : k and piss, prickly;

Lag-/-lozh- - a is written before the consonant g: to state, to suppose, to suppose; before the consonant w it is written about: izl o live, offer to live, put to live.

Exception: by log (non-derivative);

Rast-/- rasch-/-ros- - in an unstressed position is written only before the following st and sch: you grow, grown, overgrow, sprouted, age, plant; in other cases - o : exp oh sla, algae, porosl.

Exception: negative and then(although there is no combination st); r stock, moneylender, Rostov, Rostislav(although there is a combination of st) and derivatives from them;

Skak-/-skoch- - without accent and is written only before k: prisk like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like; before h it is written about: zask wow, upstart.

3. The spelling of roots depends on the suffix following the root: -bar-/-ber-, -dir-/-der-, -mir-/-mer-, -feast-/-per-, -tir-/-ter-, -blist-/-brist-, -zhig -/-burned-, -steel-/-steel-, -cheat-/-even-- vowel and is written if the root is followed by the suffix -a-; in other cases it is written e: prib and the army - tidy up; bully - zaderu; freeze - freeze - die - die; lock - lock; wash - erase - wipe; to shine - to shine, to shine, to sleep, to sleep; survive - higher; cover - cover; subtract - subtract, subtract(but: calc. and thief - subtract- from h and thief).

Exceptions: combine, combination, couple(from the root -even-);

In alternating roots im/a(P.), in/a(P.), the combinations im, in are written if the root is followed by the suffix -a-: сж to have - to squeeze, to take - to take, to embrace - to embrace, to occupy - to occupy, to heed - to heed, to accept - to accept.

4. The spelling of roots differs in meaning:

Mok-(-moch-)/-mac- - in words with the meaning “to pass liquid; lose their qualities by being in water for a long time” the root is written -mok-(-moch-): prom casing paper, waterproof raincoat, soaked fish; in words meaning “immerse in liquid” the root -mac- is written: m and roll bread into sour cream, dip a brush into paint;

Equal-/-level- - in words with the meaning “equal, on a par, identical” the root -equal- is written: por and get along with the truck, height equal; in words with the meaning “straight, smooth, even” the root -smooth- is written: vyr o take in the flower beds, leveled area, trim up the bangs.

Exceptions: p and vnina, same age, poro vnu, level.

Exercise 4. Write by inserting the missing letters. In the highlighted words, indicate the roots.

The floating bridge, freeze; out of fear, look around the tops of the trees, get ready for the road, lock the door, brilliant answer, green... drain, dress for your...st, stagnation. ..to make the bed, to bow to talent, evening sunshine, to drop by for an hour, to rush around the room, to swell...to the side, to find fault with everything , galloping gait, unacceptable intercourse, complex exercise, equivalent values, approximation of opponents, presentation of facts, imported light...daw, constant breakdown, excessive use... respiration, admirers of talent, terrible disgust...get wet in the rain, unimaginable delay...building, incite hostility, disposition of the army, level...listen have the right to sit locked up.

Exercise 5. Fill in the missing spellings. Explain your choice.

1. The baby whale is only a few hours old, he still can’t swim, he sticks out in the water upright like a float, but this newborn is seven meters long and weighs five tons. And the miracle baby will begin to grow by leaps and bounds (Above). 2. The Koshevoy and the elders took off their hats and bowed in all directions (G.). 3. Quickly and deftly she spread out the hay, ripped it apart, turned over the wounded man (Close). 4. About ten years ago, several thousand dessiatines were warmed up in Polesie and still haven’t been covered (T.). 5. 3... the rye burst into flames and engulfed half the sky (T.). 6. A tall cylinder shines in the hand (Bl.). 7. All the officers were killed by seventeen people (L. T.). 8. Two minutes later we broke up with the man (P.). 9. The doctor made a point, blotted out what was written in blue paper and raised his eyes (Ast.). 10. At first, Mumu was very weak, frail and ugly, but little by little she managed and got better... (T.). 11. The birches stood all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, which had not yet been touched by the coldly playing ray of the winter sun (T.).

Exercise 6. Rewrite by inserting the missing letters. Explain the spelling of words with missing letters.

1. The fogs died quietly over the river (Ast.). 2. From dawn to dusk, the fire did not go out behind Iggress (Alex.). 3. With the first sounds, with the awakening of people, the fogs disappeared into the ravines, gorges... (Ast). 4. In its swaying reflections, the bent figure of a worker appeared every now and then (Alex.). 5. In some places we crouched down to crawl under a leaning pine tree, saxifrages intertwined through the bushes... (Ast.). 6. He stood, listened and looked down... at the sea of... deprived tops of the forest spread out in front of him under the mountain... (L. T.). 7. The birds ran louder and busier in the thicket (L.T.). 8. I shuddered, shivered, licked the bitter drops from my lips, and my grandmother wiped my shorn head with her palm... assuring that people grow big and big from the rain and the rain (Ast .). 9. The fog pressed more and more tightly to the ground... (Ast.). 10. Anises lined up in two rows on both sides... (Alex.). 11. Created a long time ago, the world lived its own unique, complex and eternal life (Alex.). 12. Small meadows immediately began in front of the windows, extending to the Saltykovskaya Mountain, blue in the distance (Alex.). 13. Wild ducks rose from the coastal thickets (Alex.). 14. The forest responded to him with the submissive rustle of yellowing leaves, the growing noise of falling trees (Alex.). 15. Mikhail stretched out his lips and tried to imitate the nightingale (Alex.). 16. ...And in the end, freezing...for a moment, it crumbled into large hail... (Alex.). 17. The music that I heard in childhood broke in me, turned to stone, and those of its flights to the sky, to the star, from which I once cried, dissolved in my heart (Ast). 18. In the intervals of perfect silence, the rustling of last year’s leaves was heard (L.T.). 9....Weasel, shuddering, carefully took a few steps and, bowing his head to the side, began to listen (L.T.). 20. Before Ulka had time to think to the end, the guy broke up with her and blocked the way (Alex.). 21. His cheeks turned red, his eyes heated up and angrily, almost viciously, stared at her (Bob.). 22. My face was touched by the tenacious, always icy leaves of hops (Ast.). 23. I freeze in delight (Lesk.). 24. There the fire of the car goes out and another one is lit, the fire of the hearth or fireplace (Gonch.). 25. All victories begin with victories over oneself (Leon.).

This work is presented as a test dictation with a grammar task. It can be used to test students' spelling and punctuation knowledge 7 (end academic year) -8 (1 quarter) classes. It can be used as a home or test work. Consists of text in which you need to insert the missing letters and punctuation marks, and also explain their setting.All spellings and punctograms used in the textstudied by students in grades 5-7. The following grammar task is attached to the text:

1) Perform a complete syntactic analysis of the selected sentences.

2) Perform an analysis of words according to their composition, select words with the same root.

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“CHECKING WORK ON SPELLING AND PUNCTUATION FOR 8TH GRADE “REPEATING THE COURSE PASSED IN CLASSES 5-7””

Preparatory dictation.

Complete the tasks for the text:

Copy the text, insert the missing letters, mark and explain the spellings; where necessary, select test words.

Place punctuation marks, explain their placement (indicate grammatical basics, homogeneous parts of sentences, participial and participial phrases, etc.)

Perform a full parsing of the highlighted sentences.

Offer for parsing highlighted in green.

Analyze the words according to their composition, select words with the same root, and indicate the root in the words with the same root.Words for analysis by composition are highlighted in blue.

I remember a gr…awe that overtook us on the road.

I s...did with my mother in a wooden barn under a s...l...m(n/nn) roof. In the open gates, muddy from the constant rain, lightning blazed in blue z... zags. Thor...pliv...cried...my mother pressed me tightly to her chest.

I listened to the sound of rain, to the heavy r...rolls of thunder, to the ear-splitting crackling sound of blows, to the silent rustling of mice in the oatmeal ...oh s...lome.

Having risen, we saw... in the... mouths of (a/o) a diamond mesh of rain and through the (g/s) b...p...read...the drops were already shining...shimmering with rays...of the joyful...summer...sun.

The father harnessed the horses, glossy... from the rain, frightened... by the thunder... (im)patiently and... calmly stepping on their feet. The road lined with birches and (o/a) washed by the rain seemed even more fun. A (multi)colored rainbow in...sat (above) the meadow, a bright sun...bl...steel on the backs of cheerfully running horses. I sat next to my father, looking at the blue... puddle-filled road in front of me, the w...dark, bright... with... the end and still a menacing cloud on the table (b/n) of white smoke underneath ...mavsh...gosya (v)gave...ke over the (f/lj)y...th gr...zoy barn. I listened to the cheerful voices of birds in the wonderful sunny world that opened up to me.

Question No. 1.

1). Fill in the missing letters and explain the spelling of the words.

Apply...burning, grow...sti, to...dream, m...roll, warm up, sc...roll, r...vnina, in vain, gather...to, vomit, bla...stable, pl...vec, deputy... army, r...drain, combination

2) . Determine the types of subordinating connections in phrases: heavy rain, met for the first time, a portrait of a writer, that tree, began to read, a flying ball, a house made of sand, answered a friend, your house, run quickly, acted in his own way, a silver ball, answered thinking, a flurry of fire.

Question No. 2.

1)

Pch...lka, kryzh...penetrated,burned...sh, penny...vy, cloak...m, keen..., kumach...vy, cheap...vy, bake...sh, hard...hard, hare...nok, cap...nka, funny... n, generally..., newlyweds.

2 ).Explain the presence or absence of a dash in a simple sentence.

A person’s speech culture is a mirror of his spiritual life. Reading is the best teaching. The word is not an arrow. But sharper than an arrow. A book is a source of knowledge. An affectionate word like a spring day. Knowledge is a tool, not a goal. She is a famous actress. To live and serve the Motherland. The height of Elbrus is five thousand six forty-two meters. He is corruption, he is the plague, he is the plague of these places.

Question No. 3.

1). Fill in the missing letters and explain the spelling of the words:

Be...order, in...action, ra...look, and...dug, fill...up, be...tasty, break...over, over...dimensional, through...stripe, bit...bitten,

Neither...to fall, nor...to collapse, to...be proud, to...make laugh, to...cry.

2) Determine the types of one-part sentences.

It's warmer. The doorbell rang. I love thunderstorms in early May. Autumn. Not feeling well. Cars are dragging along the road. We're going to sea tomorrow. Night. It's getting light. Admire the beauty of lilies of the valley. Let's go to the forest. Freezes.

Question No. 4.

1) Fill in the missing letters and explain the spelling of the words:

Baked(n,nn)y potatoes, silver(n,nn)yy, y(n,nn)yy, filled(n,nn)y, windy(n,nn)yy, SOBR a(n, nn)y, elm(n, nn)y crochet, geese(n, nn)yy, leather(n, nn)yy, windless(n, nn)yy, fog(n, nn)yy, nightingales (n,nn)y, ose(n,nn)y, conceived(n,nn)o, gly(n,nn)y

2) determine the types of predicates.

He continues to study. The snowstorm was terrible. The wind seemed warm. Vladimir began to get very worried. The girl stopped crying. The tulips continue to grow. We sat on the river bank. The wet snow is melting. No sun. The birds are singing loudly. He is my good friend.

Question No. 5.

1) Fill in the missing letters and explain the spelling of the words:

Breathe...sh, he rub...t, they look...t, he ta...t, move...sh, they drive...t, he holds...t, he drags...t, he sways...t, they damn...t, he smears ...t, hear...my, piercing...seeing. Tolerant, delusional, reading...may,

2)

A deep and wide river flowed nearby. A mountain range consisting of many ridges is visible from afar. Pushkin, the great Russian poet, created many masterpieces. A city flooded with light can be seen below. Having rounded a high cape, the steamer entered the bay. The clouds rise shimmering. Despite a strong storm, the ships went to sea. Cheerful and happy, he glowed with joy.

Question No. 6.

Fill in the missing letters and explain the spelling of the words:

Lie down..., sword..., go..., cut...those, fresh..., powerful..., wide..., boundary..., surprised..., smelly..., eat..., extract..., trifle..., other..., married..., hot...

2) Determine whether the word belongs to one group or another (by meaning, use), name the artistic means.

Smile, laugh, laugh; A lie can be good or evil; a diplomat;

Veche, boyar, guardsman; Poles (grouse), letyanina (game)

Question No. 7.

1) . Together or separately. Explain.

(not) painted floor, floor (not) painted, (not) answering, (not) affectionate, (not) collected in advance, (not) easily, not at all (not) kind, not at all (not) evil, (not) revealed, (not) wide, but narrow, (not) true, already (not) in time, (not) hidden from the rain.

2) .Add punctuation marks, explain.According to the newspapers, the relay race is cancelled. In my opinion the matter is clear. Fortunately, sadness was added. Luckily everything ended well. Firstly don't rush. Secondly don't get distracted. Thus, the meaning of what has been said is the development of character. Indeed, stones come in different hardnesses.

Question No. 8.

1). Explain the use of a hyphen or lack thereof.

Some(someone), half(a)watermelon, half(a)year, in (fifths), act(as before),

someone, dark(brow), floor(of(Moscow), dark(blue), somewhere(or), floor(lamp), railway(road), chess(checkers), somehow, a little(a bit).

2). Place punctuation marks and explain them.

The sun shines and warms and caresses. The spool is small and expensive. Both adults and children came out for the cleanup. Snow lay everywhere on the road on the roofs of the trees. Spring has come not only to the forest but also to the city. Air, sun and water all improve health. The raindrops thudded or drummed loudly.

Question No. 9.

1) .

To whom (n...) Rostov addressed, (n...) who could not answer him.

No matter how much (n...) you look at the sea, it (n...) never gets boring.

What he (n...) did, how (n...) he tried, (n...) (from) which side he couldn’t get around the swamp.

(N...) where in the sky (n...) the clouds. On (n...) how many trees (n...) leaves.

2) .Place punctuation marks and explain them.

A cool breeze blew in and last year's leaves began to rustle. The sun set and it began to get dark. The last shadows merged and the impenetrable darkness thickened. The meeting ended, but people did not leave for a long time. A bird would fly by or an animal would crunch a branch. The moon had not yet appeared in the sky, but one could still make out the paths of the garden.

Question No. 10.

1). Fill in the missing letters and explain.

Work (in) for... two days, note unexpected changes (in) the course of... illness; walk (in) the continuation... of the winter season, find a reflection (in the continuation... of the film; say (in) the conclusion... speech, be (in) the conclusion...; (in) the consequence... zasuzi, participate (in) the investigation... in the case

2) Place punctuation marks and explain them.

For a long time, Sintsov could not find out when the train would go to Minsk. When Seryozhka’s figure appeared against the background of one of the windows, it seemed to him that someone would now see him. The coachman Trofim told my father that the road had become difficult and we would not reach the village before dark. After many years of separation, I again saw the garden in which several happy days of childhood flashed. The bear loved Nikita so much that when he went somewhere the animal anxiously sniffed the air.

Question 11.

1). Fill in the missing letters and explain.

Mixed up, plastered...on, plastered...on, flooded...on, interrupted...on, arrogant...on, talking...on, raging...on, looking...on, peck...on, spy...on, seen...on, heard... talkative, talkative, envious.

2) . Place punctuation marks and explain them.

The river overflowed and the spring was friendly. The sun is shining brightly, fast lizards, sparkling with sparkles, bathe in its rays. When the morning comes, we'll hit the road. There was a loud noise: trains were rumbling, steam locomotives were making noise. An angry blizzard flies in and a white shawl falls on the shoulders of the trees. Do you like to ride, love to carry sleds.

Question No. 12.

1) . Determine how the following words are formed.

Darken, connect, icebreaker, ice cream (delicious), little book, classic poet, thin, interlocutor, frost, demand, development, refusal, to this day, development, whispered, in its own way, decree.

2) .Execute morphological analysis noun and adjective.

With a friend. Warm (day).

Question No. 13.

1)

IN THE DARKENED AIR..., FROM THE GREENING GROVES..., IN THE EXTINCTIONED FLAMES..., BY autumn alley..., shining... with a lantern, smoking... in the distance, on a black... floor..., in silver... frost..., in a difficult... situation..., in an opening planetarium..., oh unpleasant falsehood... , oh loving... friend..., on the red... banner...

2 )Identify types of speech.

Question No. 14.

1) Perform morphological analysis of the verb.

(fog) spreading

2). Identify speech styles.

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If there is a need to find out which spelling and punctuation rules you make mistakes, we suggest you complete special tasks and self-check your results.

The work can be done in two ways:

a) write text, sentences and words from dictation;

b) print out the task and complete it: copy it, inserting missing letters and punctuation marks, opening brackets (that is, choosing either continuous, or separate, or hyphenated spelling).

I. In the middle (1; 3) interfluve (2;4) the camp of Alexey Mironov’s reconnaissance (8) drilling brigade (1) was located. (Several) (9) patches (1) on the just-raised (6; 12; 14) and outside (7; 14) area (1; 4) long (13) (freshly) cut (15; 14) table finished (1; 12; 14) a_yumin_voe (16; 1) bucket over the fire. And next to it there is a tower and an old (7) house of a k_ntor (1) where they installed (1) a rationalization (31) a pr_sp_built (17; 1) for heating (32) an iron barrel (18) from (under) (19) a burnt (16; 14) ) on the way fuel (7).

The place chosen (14) for the camp (n_) than (9) (n_) differed (10; 1) from dozens of such (20) camps (1) in such (20) wild (un)similar ( 11; 14) places. The (Mm)Ironovites sailed here (33) on a self-propelled (15) flat (15; 13) barge. (4) They sailed for (several) (9) days, passing (17; 26) even (6; 16) shoals stuck (26 ) on sandy (13) rifts. They landed (8) on the shore to lighten the flat bottom (15) and both of them (16; 14) fell on the moss that was breathing (27) with centuries-old cold (1). If we were to straighten (1) all the intricate (21) loops of the river, it would be (1) one hundred and fifty kilometers (22) to the scouts’ village (23). Families stayed there (2) there at the open (13) hour they welcome (15) open (6; 34) the doors of the dining room there (every) minute (25) chirp (5) helicopters (15) aiming (17) towards the tamper (14) platform_ (4) in front of the food_warehouse (1; 13). A handful of people cut off (14) from all this had such a feeling (24) that they had been fighting (16) with the house for a long time and (not) knew (35; 24) when they would see (5) rubles (14) again for a long time ( not) beautiful (11; 14) houses (36), but neatly (16) erected (16; 14) (in) along (25) streets.

II. 1) Yegorushka saw how little (little by little) (15) the sky darkened and darkness descended on the ground.

2) When the night turned (1) the sky lost (1) a rich (1; 3) blackness and roosters were heard far away from (19) the river.

3) At night, people slept haphazardly, lying right on piles of coal and suffocating in the warm and humid air like in a greenhouse.

4) According to local scientists, this failure is (n_)what (9) other than an extinct crater.

5) Common sense, firmness and freedom, warm (7) participation in other people's troubles and joys, in a word, all her virtues were definitely born with her.

6) Sometimes in the summer at the dacha he himself painted landscapes (1) and it seemed to him that he had a lot of taste and that if he had studied, he would probably have turned out to be a good artist.

III. Kaz_kiy (21), analogous (1), majority (36), danger (24), dependence (26), next (27), guest (13) yard, holiday (24), be_pr_sta_o (6; 17; 37), labor_ik (28), solve_tka (29), pr_ti, continuity_ost (17; 28), (half) liter (30), (pale) s_rub (15; 1), r_chet (6; 16), uncountable (6; 16; 29), river_nka (18).

CORRECT ANSWER AND LIST OF SPELLING GRAMS AND POINTOGRAMS

Compare your text with the standard one, find and highlight errors. Using the number indicated in brackets, you will be able to determine which spellings and punctograms you made mistakes on, and create an individual program for improving your literacy. The spelling numbers are indicated in the source text, the punctogram numbers are in the model text.

I. In the taiga interfluve, the camp of Alexei Mironov’s reconnaissance drilling team is located. Several tents on a freshly uprooted (38) and leveled area, (38) a long (39) freshly planed table, (38) a smoked (39) aluminum bucket over a fire. And next to it there is a tower and a wooden office house, (40) where they installed a walkie-talkie, (40) an iron barrel from under (41) fuel burned on the way (41) was adapted for heating.

The place (41) chosen for the camp (41) was no different from dozens of similar camps in the same wild, (39) untrodden places. The Mironovites sailed here on a self-propelled (39) flat-bottomed barge. We sailed for several days, (42) overcoming countless shallows, (42) getting stuck on sandy rifts. They landed on the shore, (40) to lighten the punt, (40) and, (42) exhausted, (42) fell on (41) the moss breathing the centuries-old cold. If we straightened out all the intricate loops of the river, (40) it would be about one and a half hundred kilometers to the scouts’ village. Families remained there, (43) there, at an early hour, the doors of the dining room hospitably open, (43) there helicopters are constantly chirping, (42) aiming at the compacted area in front of the food warehouse. A handful of people, (41) cut off from all this, (41) had a feeling (40) that they had parted with the house a long time ago (40) and who knows when they will again see the chopped, (38) houses that have not been painted for a long time, (41) neatly arranged along a wide street.

II. 1) Yegorushka saw (40) how little by little the sky darkened (40) and darkness fell to the ground.

2) When the night broke, (44) the sky lost its velvety blackness (44) and roosters were heard far from across the river.

3) At night, people slept haphazardly, (42) lying right on piles of coal (38) and suffocating in the warm and humid, (45) like in a greenhouse, (45) air.

4) According to local scientists, (46) this failure is (47) nothing more, (48) like an extinct crater.

5) Common sense, (38) firmness and freedom, (38) ardent participation in other people's troubles and joys - (49) in a word, (49) all her virtues seemed to be born with her.

6) Sometimes in the summer at the dacha he himself painted landscapes, (50) and it seemed to him (40) that he had a lot of taste and (40) that (51) if he studied, (52) then from him, (46) perhaps (46) he would be a good artist.

III. Cossack, similar, majority, danger, depend, next, Gostiny Dvor, idle, incessantly, toiler, lattice, come, continuity, half a liter, pale lilac, calculation, countless, small river.

SPELLING:

1. Letters of unstressed vowels in the root, verified and not verified by stress.

2. Separating b.

3. Unstressed case endings of adjectives

4. Unstressed case endings of nouns.

5. Unstressed personal endings of verbs.

6. Consoles –z, -s.

7. Letters of alternating vowels and consonants in the root.

8. Vowel letters in verb suffixes – ova- -eva- iva- iva.

9. Not - neither with pronouns.

10. Not with verbs.

11. Not with participles.

12. Letters oh in participle suffixes.

13. N and nn in adjectives.

14. N and nn in participles.

15. Spelling difficult words.

16. Doubled letters of consonants in the root and at the junction of the prefix and the root.

17. Letters e, And in consoles pre- And at-.

18. Letters O, e after hissing nouns in suffixes.

19. Spelling of compound prepositions.

20. Combined and separate spelling of particles same.

21. Spelling suffixes of adjectives.

22. Spelling of numerals.

23. Suffixes of nouns -chick, -schik-.

24. Letters of unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word.

25. Spelling adverbs.

26. Vowel letters in verb suffixes.

27. Vowel letters in participle suffixes.

28. Nnn in nouns.

29. Letters oh after hissing nouns at the roots.

30. Spelling of the prefix floor- in nouns.

31. Letters s, And after ts.

32. Vowel letters in prefixes.

33. Capital letters in proper names and words derived from them.

34. Letter combinations here you go in verbs.

35. Not with adverbs.

36. Vowels in suffixes of nouns ( –ek-, -hic- etc.)

37. Nnn in adverbs.

POINTOGRAMS

38. Comma in a sentence with homogeneous members.

39. Comma for homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

40. Commas in complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses.

41. Isolation and non-isolation of participle phrases.

42. Isolation of participial phrases and single participles.

43. Comma and semicolon in non-union complex sentence.

44. commas in a complex sentence with a common subordinate clause.

45. Comma in a comparative phrase with a conjunction How.

46. ​​Punctuation marks when introductory words and phrases.

47. Dash between subject and predicate.

48. Comma in combination none other than And nothing more than.

49. Punctuation in a sentence with homogeneous members and a generalizing word.

50. A comma between parts of a complex sentence.

51. Comma when combining conjunctions in a complex sentence.

52. A comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Spelling assignments for grades 9-11

1. Double consonants

Near a neatly trimmed... juniper bush, leaning on a column.. stood the headmistress... of a painting.. of a gallery.. the author of a dissertation on the art of impression..ionism. Listening to the buzzing of bees, she studied the effective program...of the new exhibition and I...really imagined still lifes depicting...scanned creatures, group portraits of the Renaissance era and canvases with al..legorical subjects. Having greeted her colleague, professor, art critic, the headmistress..and I’m sure..walked down the alley..heading to the dis..discussion..dedicated..to the painting of the Dutch baroque.. O.

2. Use of b and b

A) On a warm June night... when the surface of the roof shone bright.. from the moonlight.. the general.. the eldest daughter.. proto.. of the yacon, listened to the nightingale.. singing, leafed through.. A comprehensive bi..lingual dictionary to..explain the meanings of the words ad..activation, counter..agent and subject..sect.

B) General..sha ob..zhala grilled..yazh and a bun..on of champignons..on. On Mondays she preferred to flog... strong... strong men... and on Saturdays she desperately... scolded the youth...

C) There was an inexplicable silence in the house.. except.. under the windows the steps of the young..adjutant of the passionate..admirer of the general..shi could be heard.

3. N and NN in words of different parts of speech

A) The tired traveler...and concentrated...examined the surroundings, shaking off dust from his torn shoes. Delighted with what he saw...he listened to the mosquito's hum while looking into a silver...knockle encrusted with...precious stones. A truly unprecedented..picture revealed to his eyes the un..mown..meadows shone with virgin..beauty, un..frightened..flocks of cranes..solemnly..marched, plucking leaves from the lemon The silvery clouds of the trees were reflected in the glassy surface of the river. On the sand..shoal, the traveler..ik from..rocks..priceless birch bark..letters. Written several centuries ago, they were preserved and not..spoilt..s. The unspeakable... made public... the traveler... and rapturously... danced on the shore. On a quiet, windless evening, he returned to the run-down hotel, clutching an unexpected find to his heart.

B) In honor of Marian's name day, the table is covered with a knitted tablecloth made of...scanned and black...porn. Flowers given by guests were placed in vases and hung on the walls. balloons. Silver dishes are placed on the table and gilded candlesticks are placed in the corners.

C) Smoked sausages, processed cheese, red cabbage salads, boiled vegetables and finely chopped fruits look effective in glass dishes. In the kitchen, fried cutlets stewed in sauce, meatballs, buttery pancakes with caviar filling are waiting in the wings. And hidden in the refrigerator is an unprecedented dessert, a special ice cream made according to an old recipe, a lemon cake decorated with canned fruit. (B) following the excited...birthday girl, the welcome and long-awaited...guests are seated around the table.

4. Prefixes PRE and PRI

A) While on vacation, the president of a pro..successful company, a pro..proponent of new views and a great..superior businessman, was reminiscing about the great days spent.. in Pr..Carpathia.

B) Having overcome many places, he was finally able to make his dream come true. He came to this southern city and immediately began to explore the local sights. ..h..long buildings, luxurious hotels and prestigious shops.

B) On the pr..morsky boulevard, he sat down on a bench near the tourists who were bickering with the pr..old guide and turned on the radio, muffling the sound. The tourists stopped...the stupid argument and...squinted their eyes and...being tired, they began to search for a place to...haven.

5. Difficult words

A) (Not) far from the (water) (mud) hospital and the (audio) and (video) equipment store, a (snowy) white (three) storey exhibition pavilion made of (iron) concrete and (bluish) white glass appeared. Walking along the (fiery..o) red carpet, we find ourselves in the (extremely) ceremonial (conference) hall where the (press..) conference has just begun and the (gray-haired) (vice) governor reports on the protection of (forest) plantings and construction (water) treatment facilities in the (north) west of our region.

B) On the second floor in the hallway decorated with (white) snow curtains there was an (exhibition) selling food products (bread) bakery and (meat) dairy products. After drinking (cream) soda, we go to the third floor to the (book) magazine department to (would) familiarize ourselves with (educational) methodological and (literary) scientific publications and look through rare books in (ancient) (Church) Slavic language.

C) Having visited the (miracle) exhibition, we (joyfully) - excited - set off along the (brightly) illuminated highway to the nearest railway (road) station where a (brightly) blue (electric) train is already waiting for us.

6. Adverbs and adverbial combinations

A) (B) in the middle of September, the weather was clear for a long time and the guys and I walked a lot in the forest, which is located (not) far away. We (in) (what) (would) (then) (n..) began to want to enjoy the last warmth and we went into the forest (in) alone (in) two or (in) three.

B) Once my friends (the) three of us spent several hours (to) a row (to) no avail looking for mushrooms. It seemed that the day passed (in) empty, but I did not want to return (with) anything. And then (in) the distance a small (seemingly) clearing appeared (in) the middle of which stood (a) unusually gnarled stump completely... strewn... with mushrooms. It was a dream come true! The guys instantly became cheerful and rushed to the coveted stump. (C) they began to pick the mushrooms (in)discriminately and (in) shuffled them into the basket, but (in) soon they noticed that the whole clearing was strewn with chanterelles and milk mushrooms.

B) That day, friends (until) dropped, filled their baskets with (for) one thing and emptied their pockets.. lived (with) the most beautiful foxes on top (for) the show and went (to) their butts (without) holding back laughter and (is) (under) silence, making fun of each other. In the evening, everyone (before) was full of fried mushrooms and left what they didn’t eat (for) the morning.

7. Particles NOT and NOR

A) (N..) looking at (n..) a decently long call (n..) who (n..) approached the door however (n..) who called (n..) stopping. Finally, mother (n..) hastily put away (n..) the finished soup and (n..) hastily but confidently.. went to send.. away. Standing at the door was (n..) who other than (n..) my father’s old acquaintance, Professor Nechiporuk. The guest (as) usual was (n..) clever and (n..) clumsy. (N..) slightly (n..) embarrassed (n..) of his cleaned shoes, he walked along the (n..) probably clean parquet floor of the hallway while (n..) falling silent (n..) for a second.

B) (N..) expected..o – (n..) guess..o the rain predicted by the weather forecasters broke out and I, like (an) evil (n..) grabbed an umbrella! So wet that (n..) I was glad (n..) fresh air(n..) rainbow!

C) Mom by no means (n..) looked joyfully at the floor and (n..) grinned cheerfully, inviting (n..) the invited guest into the office.